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Του Γιώργου Εχέδωρου
ΦΑΣΚΕΙ ΚΑΙ ΑΝΤΙΦΑΣΚΕΙ για Σκόπια η Ακαδημία Αθηνών..
Υπέρ του γεωγραφικού προσδιορισμού, αν και «δεν είναι συμβατός με τα ιστορικά δρώμενα»!
Το δηλητήριο του συμβιβασμού και της υποχωρητικότητας στις απαιτήσεις των Σκοπίων, δυστυχώς, έχει εισχωρήσει και στο ανώτατο πνευματικό ίδρυμα της χώρας, την Ακαδημία Αθηνών, όπως σαφέστατα προκύπτει από δημόσια τοποθέτησή της, που καταγράφεται σε επίσημη ανακοίνωσή της, στις 28 Μαρτίου 2008, που περιήλθε τώρα σε γνώση της εφημερίδας μας.
Τάσσεται ευθέως υπέρ ΣΥΝΘΕΤΗΣ ονομασίας, με γεωγραφικό προσδιορισμό, παρότι αναγνωρίζει ότι «η πρόταξη της τρέχουσας γεωγραφικής πραγματικότητας δεν είναι πάντοτε συμβατή με τα ιστορικά δρώμενα»! Και παρά ταύτα προτείνει ονομασία με γεωγραφικό προσδιορισμό, που θα περιέχει το όνομα «Μακεδονία», δηλαδή π.χ. «Δημοκρατία της Βόρειας Μακεδονίας», θέση που μόλις πρόσφατα απέρριψε κατηγορηματικά, με συνέντευξη του ύπατου πρώην προέδρου της Αθ. Βουλγαρόπουλου στο «ΠΑΡΟΝ», η Παμμακεδονική Ένωση των ΗΠΑ!
Και καταλήγει σ’ αυτήν την… υπόδειξη η Ακαδημία, παρότι τα επιστημονικά και ιστορικά στοιχεία που παραθέτει δεν δικαιολογούν να διεκδικούν οι Σκοπιανοί να ονομάζονται «Μακεδόνες»… Όμως για τα… ησυχότερα να κάνουμε πίσω, γιατί όπως σημειώνουν οι ακαδημαϊκοί μας «η επιλογή της παράτασης του αδιεξόδου περί την ονομασία της ΠΓΔΜ όχι μόνο εκτρέφει βλέψεις εξακολουθητικά επεκτατικές, αλλά διαιωνίζει ή και ΕΠΙΤΕΙΝΕΙ τη γενικότερη αστάθεια σε περιφερειακή κλίμακα, ειδικότερη ή ευρύτερη». Δηλαδή με την ίδια λογική σας, κύριοι ακαδημαϊκοί, γιατί να μη συμβιβασθούμε με τους Τούρκους, να τους δώσουμε ό,τι ζητάνε στο Αιγαίο, ό,τι βραχονησίδες αμφισβητούν, το Καστελλόριζο, το Αγαθονήσι, το Φαρμακονήσι, τους Φούρνους και ό,τι άλλο ποθεί η ψυχούλα τους… Είσαστε με τα καλά σας;Αντιλαμβάνεστε τι επιχειρήματα προσφέρετε σ’ όλους εκείνους που θέλουν ν’ αρπάξουν από την Ελλάδα; Θα αντιγράφουν την τακτική των Σκοπίων και για να μην υπάρξει αστάθεια θα τους δίνουμε ό,τι ζητάνε!
Η Ακαδημία με την πρότασή της περί αποδοχής σύνθετης ονομασίας με γεωγραφικό προσδιορισμό δίνει πιστοποιητικό στην κυβέρνηση να προχωρήσει στον συμβιβασμό, σε μια ακόμη υποχώρηση… Οι Σκοπιανοί όχι μόνο θα τρίβουν τα χέρια τους, αλλά θα πουν, αφού κερδίσαμε στο όνομα, πάμε γι’ άλλα…Το πλήρες κείμενο αυτής της εξωφρενικής τοποθέτησης των ακαδημαϊκών μας, που δείχνει ότι είναι κατώτεροι των περιστάσεων και δεν έχουν καμία επαφή με το γενικότερο αίσθημα του λαού μας, που έχει ταχθεί, στη μεγάλη του πλειοψηφία «εναντίον ονομασίας που θα έχει τη λέξη Μακεδονία», έχει ως εξής:«Η Ακαδημία Αθηνών, κρίνοντας εν επιγνώσει της επιστημονικής αποστολής της ότι η οριστική επίλυση του θέματος της ονομασίας της ΠΓΔΜ είναι εφικτή εφόσον και μόνον βασιστεί στην επακριβή στάθμιση των πραγματικών δεδομένων, διατυπώνει τεκμηριωμένη, δημόσια ήδη, την άποψή της. Θεωρεί εξάλλου ότι αποτελεί ευτυχές γεγονός ότι η ανάδειξη της επιστημονικής αλήθειας, όχι μόνο είναι συμβατή με την πραγματική κατάσταση αλλά και προσφέρεται για να συμβάλει στη διασφάλιση της σταθερότητας και της ειρήνης σε μια περιοχή σκληρά δοκιμασμένη κατά το απώτερο και το πρόσφατο παρελθόν.
1. Η Μακεδονία αποτελεί σήμερα γεωγραφική ζώνη, τα όρια της οποίας εκτείνονται σε περισσότερα του ενός κράτη της νοτιοανατολικής Ευρώπης. Το αρχαίο ελληνικό όνομα “Μακεδονία” φέρει μια συγκεκριμένη περιφέρεια της σύγχρονης Ελλάδος. Υπό το όνομα Σοσιαλιστική Δημοκρατία της Μακεδονίας (ΣΔΜ) λειτούργησε ένα από τα ομόσπονδα κράτη που συναποτελούσαν την πρώην Γιουγκοσλαβία. Το όνομα όμως της Μακεδονίας έφερε, αρχικά, επί μακρούς αιώνες κατά την αρχαιότητα, η περιοχή η οποία ταυτίζεται -κατά περίπου 90%- με τη σημερινή ελληνική επαρχία της Μακεδονίας. Η τυχόν απόδοση του ονόματος αυτού σε ένα ανεξάρτητο κράτος, χωρίς ειδικότερο προσδιορισμό που να αντανακλά σαφώς τις γεωγραφικές και ιστορικές αυτές πραγματικότητες, συνεπάγεται τον κίνδυνο να διεκδικήσει το συγκεκριμένο κράτος και μάλιστα κατ’ αποκλειστικότητα τη χρήση του όρου “Μακεδονία” ή των παραγώγων του στην ιστορία, τον πολιτισμό, τις εκδηλώσεις της καθημερινής πολιτικής και κοινωνικής ζωής κ.λπ.
2. Συγκεκριμένα, η κλασική Μακεδονία του Φιλίππου και του Μεγάλου Αλεξάνδρου εκτεινόταν προς βορρά στα εδάφη της σημερινής ελληνικής Μακεδονίας, καθώς και σε ολίγα χιλιόμετρα εντός της ΠΓΔΜ και της Βουλγαρίας. Μέσω κάθε μορφής ιστορικών πηγών και αρχαιολογικών ευρημάτων μαρτυρείται ότι οι τότε Μακεδόνες συμπεριελάμβαναν την επικράτειά τους μεταξύ των άλλων ελληνικών χωρών. Τα πρώτα σλαβικά φύλα, τα οποία, αυτονόητα, ουδεμία είχαν σχέση με τους παλαιότερους κατοίκους της περιοχής, κατήλθαν στη Βαλκανική μετά δέκα αιώνες, κατά τον 7ο μ.Χ. αιώνα. Η παραμονή τους έκτοτε στο νότιο τμήμα της Χερσονήσου συνέβαλε στη βαθμιαία διαμόρφωση των σλαβικών εθνών χωρίς να υπάρξει έως τη σύσταση, κατά τον 19ο αιώνα, και την πρώτη ανάπτυξη των σλαβικών κρατών της περιοχής -της Σερβίας, του Μαυροβουνίου και της Βουλγαρίας- αναφορά σε ιδιαίτερο “Μακεδονικό” έθνος. Χαρακτηριστικά, ακόμη και κατά την επαύριο του Α΄ Παγκοσμίου Πολέμου ούτε οι εκπρόσωποι των βαλκανικών κρατών, αλλά ούτε και οι οικοδόμοι της ειρήνης -προεξάρχων ο Γούντροου Ουίλσον- οραματιστές μιας διεθνούς κοινωνίας συγκείμενης ακριβώς από κράτη-έθνη έκαμαν την παραμικρή νύξη σε έθνος “Μακεδόνων”. Η ύπαρξή του επιδιώχθηκε να τεκμηριωθεί στο πλαίσιο της συγκρότησης από τον στρατάρχη Τίτο της νέας ομοσπονδιακής Γιουγκοσλαβίας κατά την επαύριο του Βʼ Παγκοσμίου Πολέμου. Η επιτυχία, μάλιστα, του τολμηρού εγχειρήματος της εθνικής μετάλλαξης των σλάβων κατοίκων της συγκεκριμένης γεωγραφικής ζώνης θα ήταν άκρως δυσχερής χωρίς την προπαγάνδα που επί ήμισυ, σχεδόν, αιώνα ασκήθηκε υπό καθεστώς ολοκληρωτικό. 3. Η “γεωγραφική” έννοια που έχει προσδοθεί στον όρο Μακεδονία υπήρξε ανεξάρτητα από οποιαδήποτε εθνολογική, κρατική ή, έστω, και διοικητική διαίρεση στον χώρο της νότιας Βαλκανικής. Κατά τη μακραίωνη περίοδο της οθωμανικής κυριαρχίας τη συγκεκριμένη περιφέρεια συνέθεταν τα βιλαέτια της Θεσσαλονίκης, του Μοναστηρίου και τμήμα του βιλαετίου του Κοσόβου – όπου και εντασσόταν το σαντζάκιο των Σκοπίων. Η επέκταση των γεωγραφικών ορίων της “ιστορικής” Μακεδονίας προς βορρά συνδέθηκε, μετά την Αναγέννηση, με την αποτύπωση της περιοχής από τους πρώτους ευρωπαίους χαρτογράφους βάσει της αντίληψης που είχε επικρατήσει κατά τους ρωμαϊκούς χρόνους. Ο χαρακτηρισμός εν τούτοις των κατοίκων της περιοχής αυτής ως Μακεδόνων δεν προσέλαβε εθνικό περιεχόμενο κατά τους νεώτερους χρόνους έως και τον Β’ Παγκόσμιο Πόλεμο. Η προβολή, κατά το δεύτερο ήμισυ του 19ου αιώνα, των σερβικών και βουλγαρικών διεκδικήσεων επί των εδαφών που κατοικούνταν κατά πλειοψηφία από το σλαβικό στοιχείο συνάπτεται οπωσδήποτε με το γεγονός της πληθυσμιακής υπεροχής στη συγκεκριμένη γεωγραφική ζώνη. Είναι όμως αυτονόητη η εφαρμογή της ίδιας αρχής και στα περισσότερο εκτεταμένα εδάφη της νότιας Μακεδονίας που κατοικούνται από Έλληνες.
4. Τα διδάγματα που θα ήταν νοητό να αντληθούν από την έγκυρη αναφορά στο ιστορικό παρελθόν συμπίπτουν με την επιβεβλημένη συνηγορία υπέρ της επιβολής λύσης εξυπηρετικής για τη σταθερότητα και την ειρήνη της περιοχής. Η ανακίνηση παρωχημένων επεκτατικών βλέψεων θα συνδυαζόταν μοιραία με την τεχνητή κατασκευή μιας και μόνης Μακεδονίας. Αντίθετα, η συστηματική έρευνα καταδεικνύει ότι η θεραπεία της αλήθειας, αλλά και η εξυπηρέτηση των σύγχρονων αναγκών της συγκεκριμένης γεωγραφικής ζώνης, καθώς και του ευρύτερου χώρου που την περιβάλλει, υπαγορεύει την εξεύρεση σύνθετης ονομασίας με περιεχόμενο γεωγραφικό, η οποία θα λαμβάνει υπόψη τη διαφοροποίηση μεταξύ της αρχαίας Μακεδονίας και του κράτους της ΠΓΔΜ. Σήμερα, το ζωηρό ενδιαφέρον των Ελλήνων δεν υποδηλώνει την επιθυμία να προσβάλουν δικαιώματα, έστω και πρόσφατα κεκτημένα, των βόρειων γειτόνων τους: επί του θέματος αυτού σαφής είναι η στάση της υπεύθυνης κυβέρνησης και του συντριπτικά μείζονος τμήματος του πολιτικού κόσμου της Ελλάδος. Υποδηλώνει όμως την ανησυχία της κοινής γνώμης ενώπιον μιας ακραίας πρόκλησης από την πλευρά των Σκοπίων, τα οποία τείνουν -όπως αποδεικνύουν ακόμη και τα εν ισχύι διδακτικά εγχειρίδια- όχι μόνο να οικειοποιηθούν, αλλά και να μονοπωλήσουν την Ιστορία, τα πολιτιστικά επιτεύγματα, τα σύμβολα -ακόμη και τα αρχαία- τα μνημεία και τα πρόσωπα που έδρασαν κατά το παρελθόν στον μακεδονικό χώρο. Είναι αυτονόητο ότι η εκδήλωση καλής θέλησης από την πλευρά οποιασδήποτε ελληνικής κυβέρνησης δεν αρκεί για να υπερκεράσει καθαυτό το γεγονός ή τις επιπτώσεις ενός ανάλογου εθνικιστικού παροξυσμού που έχει τεχνηέντως καλλιεργηθεί κατά τη μεταπολεμική περίοδο. Οι διαπιστώσεις αυτές υπαγορεύουν την υιοθέτηση λύσης του επίμαχου προβλήματος, η οποία δεν θα ήταν εύλογο να θεωρηθεί μονομερής. Η Ελλάδα εμμένει σταθερά σε μια θέση, η οποία οδηγεί στην παγίωση της ειρηνικής συμβίωσης και συνεργασίας μεταξύ των λαών της νότιας Βαλκανικής. Η επιλογή, αντ’ αυτής, της παράτασης του αδιεξόδου περί την ονομασία της ΠΓΔΜ, όχι μόνο εκτρέφει βλέψεις εξακολουθητικά επεκτατικές, αλλά και διαιωνίζει ή και επιτείνει τη γενικότερη αστάθεια σε περιφερειακή κλίμακα, ειδικότερη ή ευρύτερη. Η πρόταξη, κατά ταύτα, της τρέχουσας γεωγραφικής πραγματικότητας δεν είναι μεν πάντοτε συμβατή με τα ιστορικά δρώμενα, ιδιαίτερα κατά τους αρχαίους χρόνους, αλλά προσφέρεται για να οδηγήσει στην έντιμη, οριστική και εφεξής αδιαφιλονίκητη ρύθμιση του προβλήματος».
Αναρτήθηκε από mikres-ekdoseis
Πηγή: http://echedoros.blogspot.com/2009/08/blog-post_1610.html
Showing posts with label Macedonia. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Macedonia. Show all posts
Monday, 10 August 2009
Saturday, 27 June 2009
The game of the name
Originally published 04:45 a.m., June 26, 2009,
Article
BuzzIvica Bocevski neglected to clarify the legacy of the so-called name dispute, as reported in The Washington Times recently ("No names, please," Embassy Row, World, June 12). The country Mr. Bocevski hails from is a state that was part of the former Yugoslavia, an artificial political construct that waged war on Greece during the immediate aftermath of World War II.
The name "Macedonia" was originally bestowed on the region buttressing Greece by the dictator Josip Broz Tito, who funded and armed a military campaign fighting for partition of our land and people. It was concocted primarily by the Comintern and carried out with the most callous disregard for the basic human and linguistic rights recognized in modern Europe. It remains one of the gravest political crimes of all time and continues to stain the history of Europe and the United States. Imagine cutting a living human being limb from limb. This is the legacy of the Greek Civil War, a war fueled by communist forces seeping in from the porous borders of northern Greece and Macedonia.
The Macedonia of Alexander the Great was, and forever will be, Hellenic -- not Yugoslavian. It is time that Mr. Bocevski end his country's isolation by embracing the Hellenic origin of Alexander, one of Europe's greatest sons. Stop denying the past and dispense with false historical revisionism. It smacks of genocidal ideologies of a discredited era.
NIKOLAOS TANERIS
Press officer
Hellenic League of America
New York City
Article
BuzzIvica Bocevski neglected to clarify the legacy of the so-called name dispute, as reported in The Washington Times recently ("No names, please," Embassy Row, World, June 12). The country Mr. Bocevski hails from is a state that was part of the former Yugoslavia, an artificial political construct that waged war on Greece during the immediate aftermath of World War II.
The name "Macedonia" was originally bestowed on the region buttressing Greece by the dictator Josip Broz Tito, who funded and armed a military campaign fighting for partition of our land and people. It was concocted primarily by the Comintern and carried out with the most callous disregard for the basic human and linguistic rights recognized in modern Europe. It remains one of the gravest political crimes of all time and continues to stain the history of Europe and the United States. Imagine cutting a living human being limb from limb. This is the legacy of the Greek Civil War, a war fueled by communist forces seeping in from the porous borders of northern Greece and Macedonia.
The Macedonia of Alexander the Great was, and forever will be, Hellenic -- not Yugoslavian. It is time that Mr. Bocevski end his country's isolation by embracing the Hellenic origin of Alexander, one of Europe's greatest sons. Stop denying the past and dispense with false historical revisionism. It smacks of genocidal ideologies of a discredited era.
NIKOLAOS TANERIS
Press officer
Hellenic League of America
New York City
Friday, 26 June 2009
The scandal of the PseudoMacedonian airplane
Ημερομηνία: Τετάρτη, 24 Ιούνιος 2009, 12:30
ΑΙΣΧΟΣ ΑΝΤΙ ΝΑ ΔΙΩΞΟΥΝ ΤΗΝ ΝΤΟΡΑ, ΕΔΙΩΞΑΝ ΤΗΝ ΥΠΑΛΛΗΛΟ !!!!!!
Tο μυστικό της διέλευσης του αεροπλάνου με το διακριτικό «Μακεδονία»
Απομακρύνθηκε από την θέση της Διευθύντριας Αερομεταφορών της Υπηρεσίας Πολιτικής Αεροπορίας, κατόπιν αποφάσεως του προϊσταμένου της Διοίκησης της ΥΠΑ Κωνσταντίνου Κωνσταντινίδη, διότι εξετέλεσε τις εντολές του Υπουργείου Εξωτερικών και του Υπουργείου Μεταφορών ως όφειλε.
Η υπόθεση αυτή, που θυμίζει σκοτεινή ιστορία του Κάφκα, αφορά την Πολυτίμη Κανέλλου, επικεφαλής της Διευθύνσεως Αερομεταφορών, η οποία με δύο έγγραφα, το ένα από το Υπουργείο Εξωτερικών με ημερομηνία 15 Ιουνίου του 2009 και το άλλο από το Υπουργείο Μεταφορών της 16ης του ιδίου μηνός, κλήθηκε να εκδώσει ειδική άδεια υπερπτήσης στο κυβερνητικό αεροσκάφος της ΠΓΔΜ, που θα μεταφέρει στην Κέρκυρα και στην Σύνοδο του ΟΑΣΕ, της οποίας αυτήν την περίοδο προεδρεύει η Ελλάδα, τον Υπουργό Εξωτερικών της γειτονικής χώρας, κ. Αντόνιο Μιλόσοσκι.
Η Πολυτίμη Κανέλλου, ενεργώντας κατά τον νόμο και τις πάγιες διαδικασίες, εξέδωσε την άδεια, η οποία σημειωτέον εκδίδεται κατ’ εξαίρεση και λόγω της συνάντησης της Κέρκυρας. Η «zougla.gr» δημοσιεύει κατ’ αποκλειστικότητα όλη την επίσημη αλληλογραφία μεταξύ του Ελληνικού Γραφείου Συνδέσμου στα Σκόπια (Ελληνική Πρεσβεία), το Υπουργείο Εξωτερικών της FYROM, και μεταξύ της ΥΠΑ και των Υπουργείων Εξωτερικών και Μεταφορών της Ελλάδας. Στα έγγραφα αυτά τα δύο ελληνικά Υπουργεία, αφενός καλούν την ΥΠΑ να εκδώσει την άδεια και αφετέρου επισημαίνουν πως δεν υπάρχει αντίρρηση (πολιτική προφανώς) για την έκδοσή της.
Μετά τον θόρυβο που ξέσπασε για την έκδοση άδειας εισόδου στον ελληνικό εναέριο χώρο του αεροσκάφους της ΠΓΔΜ με τα χαρακτηριστικά κλήσης Ζ 3 MKD, από πολιτικούς κύκλους και φορείς Πανμακεδονικών οργανώσεων, που κατηγόρησαν την Υπουργό Εξωτερικών για de facto αποδοχή του ονόματος Μακεδονία λόγω των διακριτικών που φέρει το αεροπλάνο, ο Διοικητής της ΥΠΑ, Κων. Κωνσταντινίδης, κάλεσε την Πολυτίμη Κανέλλου και της ανακοίνωσε ότι απομακρύνεται από την θέση της. Ανεπίσημα, φέρεται να την τιμώρησε διότι εξέδωσε άδεια για την πτήση και προσγείωση του αεροσκάφους της FYROM στην Ελλάδα.
Ο διοικητής της ΥΠΑ, Κωνσταντίνος Κωνσταντινίδης
Ο Διοικητής της ΥΠΑ αγνόησε επιδεικτικά την επίσημη αλληλογραφία και τις εντολές που η κρατική υπάλληλος είχε λάβει από τα αρμόδια για τις υποθέσεις αυτές Υπουργεία. Επισημαίνεται πως ο συγκεκριμένος Διοικητής της ΥΠΑ έχει αποτελέσει στόχο δριμύτατης κριτικής από εργαζόμενους και συνδικαλιστές ως προς τον τρόπο διοίκησης και τον τρόπο συμπεριφοράς του στην Υπηρεσία.
Το στοιχείο, ωστόσο, που προκαλεί την κοινή λογική είναι ότι την απόφαση απομάκρυνσης της Πολυτίμης Καννέλου υπογράφει ο ίδιος ο Υπουργός, που με προηγούμενο έγγραφό του ενέκρινε την διέλευση του αεροσκάφους του Υπουργού Εξωτερικών της ΠΓΔΜ.
Πέραν της ανεπίτρεπτης σε διοικητικό επίπεδο ενέργειας του Διοικητή της ΥΠΑ, ο οποίος ουδεμία αρμοδιότητα έχει να κρίνει ή να παρακάμπτει τις εντολές από τα εν λόγω Υπουργεία, προκύπτει και μείζον πολιτικό ζήτημα. Είτε ο κ. Κωνσταντινίδης ενήργησε στη βάση προσωπικών εκτιμήσεων και επιλογών, κατά παράβαση του πλαισίου αρμοδιοτήτων του και μάλιστα για ζητήματα που αφορούν την Εξωτερική Πολιτική, αγνοώντας τις κυβερνητικές αποφάσεις. Πρόκειται δηλαδή για έναν κόκκο άμμου ανάμεσα στα γρανάζια της κρατικής γραφειοκρατίας, που παρανόμως λαμβάνει αποφάσεις και τιμωρεί για ζητήματα που δεν τον αφορούν. Είτε απλά η Πολυτίμη Κανέλλου απομακρύνθηκε από την θέση της Διευθύντριας και τοποθετήθηκε σε ανενεργό υπηρεσία εν είδη τιμωρίας και μάλιστα με περισσή υποκρισία, ώστε να ικανοποιηθούν οι κύκλοι που αντιδρούν στην απόφαση του Υπουργείου Εξωτερικών και που κατηγορούν την Κυβέρνηση. Και στις δύο περιπτώσεις, η «τιμωρία» μιας υπαλλήλου που υλοποίησε αποφάσεις δύο Υπουργών είναι μία απαράδεκτη διοικητικά και πολιτικά πράξη.
ΑΙΣΧΟΣ ΑΝΤΙ ΝΑ ΔΙΩΞΟΥΝ ΤΗΝ ΝΤΟΡΑ, ΕΔΙΩΞΑΝ ΤΗΝ ΥΠΑΛΛΗΛΟ !!!!!!
Tο μυστικό της διέλευσης του αεροπλάνου με το διακριτικό «Μακεδονία»
Απομακρύνθηκε από την θέση της Διευθύντριας Αερομεταφορών της Υπηρεσίας Πολιτικής Αεροπορίας, κατόπιν αποφάσεως του προϊσταμένου της Διοίκησης της ΥΠΑ Κωνσταντίνου Κωνσταντινίδη, διότι εξετέλεσε τις εντολές του Υπουργείου Εξωτερικών και του Υπουργείου Μεταφορών ως όφειλε.
Η υπόθεση αυτή, που θυμίζει σκοτεινή ιστορία του Κάφκα, αφορά την Πολυτίμη Κανέλλου, επικεφαλής της Διευθύνσεως Αερομεταφορών, η οποία με δύο έγγραφα, το ένα από το Υπουργείο Εξωτερικών με ημερομηνία 15 Ιουνίου του 2009 και το άλλο από το Υπουργείο Μεταφορών της 16ης του ιδίου μηνός, κλήθηκε να εκδώσει ειδική άδεια υπερπτήσης στο κυβερνητικό αεροσκάφος της ΠΓΔΜ, που θα μεταφέρει στην Κέρκυρα και στην Σύνοδο του ΟΑΣΕ, της οποίας αυτήν την περίοδο προεδρεύει η Ελλάδα, τον Υπουργό Εξωτερικών της γειτονικής χώρας, κ. Αντόνιο Μιλόσοσκι.
Η Πολυτίμη Κανέλλου, ενεργώντας κατά τον νόμο και τις πάγιες διαδικασίες, εξέδωσε την άδεια, η οποία σημειωτέον εκδίδεται κατ’ εξαίρεση και λόγω της συνάντησης της Κέρκυρας. Η «zougla.gr» δημοσιεύει κατ’ αποκλειστικότητα όλη την επίσημη αλληλογραφία μεταξύ του Ελληνικού Γραφείου Συνδέσμου στα Σκόπια (Ελληνική Πρεσβεία), το Υπουργείο Εξωτερικών της FYROM, και μεταξύ της ΥΠΑ και των Υπουργείων Εξωτερικών και Μεταφορών της Ελλάδας. Στα έγγραφα αυτά τα δύο ελληνικά Υπουργεία, αφενός καλούν την ΥΠΑ να εκδώσει την άδεια και αφετέρου επισημαίνουν πως δεν υπάρχει αντίρρηση (πολιτική προφανώς) για την έκδοσή της.
Μετά τον θόρυβο που ξέσπασε για την έκδοση άδειας εισόδου στον ελληνικό εναέριο χώρο του αεροσκάφους της ΠΓΔΜ με τα χαρακτηριστικά κλήσης Ζ 3 MKD, από πολιτικούς κύκλους και φορείς Πανμακεδονικών οργανώσεων, που κατηγόρησαν την Υπουργό Εξωτερικών για de facto αποδοχή του ονόματος Μακεδονία λόγω των διακριτικών που φέρει το αεροπλάνο, ο Διοικητής της ΥΠΑ, Κων. Κωνσταντινίδης, κάλεσε την Πολυτίμη Κανέλλου και της ανακοίνωσε ότι απομακρύνεται από την θέση της. Ανεπίσημα, φέρεται να την τιμώρησε διότι εξέδωσε άδεια για την πτήση και προσγείωση του αεροσκάφους της FYROM στην Ελλάδα.
Ο διοικητής της ΥΠΑ, Κωνσταντίνος Κωνσταντινίδης
Ο Διοικητής της ΥΠΑ αγνόησε επιδεικτικά την επίσημη αλληλογραφία και τις εντολές που η κρατική υπάλληλος είχε λάβει από τα αρμόδια για τις υποθέσεις αυτές Υπουργεία. Επισημαίνεται πως ο συγκεκριμένος Διοικητής της ΥΠΑ έχει αποτελέσει στόχο δριμύτατης κριτικής από εργαζόμενους και συνδικαλιστές ως προς τον τρόπο διοίκησης και τον τρόπο συμπεριφοράς του στην Υπηρεσία.
Το στοιχείο, ωστόσο, που προκαλεί την κοινή λογική είναι ότι την απόφαση απομάκρυνσης της Πολυτίμης Καννέλου υπογράφει ο ίδιος ο Υπουργός, που με προηγούμενο έγγραφό του ενέκρινε την διέλευση του αεροσκάφους του Υπουργού Εξωτερικών της ΠΓΔΜ.
Πέραν της ανεπίτρεπτης σε διοικητικό επίπεδο ενέργειας του Διοικητή της ΥΠΑ, ο οποίος ουδεμία αρμοδιότητα έχει να κρίνει ή να παρακάμπτει τις εντολές από τα εν λόγω Υπουργεία, προκύπτει και μείζον πολιτικό ζήτημα. Είτε ο κ. Κωνσταντινίδης ενήργησε στη βάση προσωπικών εκτιμήσεων και επιλογών, κατά παράβαση του πλαισίου αρμοδιοτήτων του και μάλιστα για ζητήματα που αφορούν την Εξωτερική Πολιτική, αγνοώντας τις κυβερνητικές αποφάσεις. Πρόκειται δηλαδή για έναν κόκκο άμμου ανάμεσα στα γρανάζια της κρατικής γραφειοκρατίας, που παρανόμως λαμβάνει αποφάσεις και τιμωρεί για ζητήματα που δεν τον αφορούν. Είτε απλά η Πολυτίμη Κανέλλου απομακρύνθηκε από την θέση της Διευθύντριας και τοποθετήθηκε σε ανενεργό υπηρεσία εν είδη τιμωρίας και μάλιστα με περισσή υποκρισία, ώστε να ικανοποιηθούν οι κύκλοι που αντιδρούν στην απόφαση του Υπουργείου Εξωτερικών και που κατηγορούν την Κυβέρνηση. Και στις δύο περιπτώσεις, η «τιμωρία» μιας υπαλλήλου που υλοποίησε αποφάσεις δύο Υπουργών είναι μία απαράδεκτη διοικητικά και πολιτικά πράξη.
Bakoyianni is selling out our Macedonia
ΜΑΚΕΔΟΝΙΑΣ ΕΚΠΟΙΗΣΗ
Το ελληνικό Υπουργείο Εξωτερικών, εξακολουθεί να παραμένει στον κόσμο του. Τίποτε δεν κατάλαβε από το αποτέλεσμα των Ευρωεκλογών και το μήνυμα που έστειλε ο ελληνικός λαός. Και αυτό φαίνεται ξεκάθαρα από τις δηλώσεις του κ. Δελαβάκουρα, το νέο εκπρόσωπο του ΥΠΕΞ, ο οποίος, σε ερωτήσεις δημοσιογράφων ενημέρωσε ότι ο υπουργός Εξωτερικών των Σκοπίων θα γίνει δεκτός στην Ελλάδα μεταφερόμενος με σκοπιανό αεροπλάνο των «Μακεδονικών Αερογραμμών (ΜΑΤ)» στο πλαίσιο της συνόδου του ΟΑΣΕ που θα γίνει στις 27 Ιουνίου στην Κέρκυρα.
Έτσι καταργείται και η πάγια τακτική που ακολουθούσαν οι μέχρι τώρα ελληνικές κυβερνήσεις, να επιτρέπεται δηλαδή η διέλευση σκοπιανών αεροσκαφών από το FIR Αθηνών, αλλά να απαγορεύεται η προσγείωσή τους σε ελληνικά αεροδρόμια. Δίνοντας παράλληλα ένα ακόμη βήμα στον Γκρουέφσκυ για να κερδίσει πόντους στο εσωτερικό, της χώρας τους, καθώς η προσγείωση στην Ελλάδα αεροσκάφους με τα διακριτικά της "Μακεδονίας" καταγράφεται ήδη ως επιτυχία από τα σκοπιανά ΜΜΕ.
Στο όνομα λοιπόν της λογικής Μπακογιάννη «business above all» (οι επιχειρήσεις κρατικές και ιδιωτικές στα Σκόπια πάνω από όλα) και παρά το σαφές μήνυμα των Ελλήνων αλλά και των Μακεδόνων ιδιαίτερα μέσα από τις κάλπες των Ευρωεκλογών, η ελληνική κυβέρνηση, συνεχίζει την πολιτική της κατηφόρα, γράφοντάς μας όλους στα παλαιότερα των υποδημάτων της.
Μέσα λοιπόν από την ίδια λογική θα δούμε απόδοση τιμών στον κ. Μιλόσοσκυ και θα καταπιούμε το σάλιο μας υποδεχόμενοι επισήμως αυτή τη φορά το αεροσκάφος των «Μακεδονικών Αερογραμμών». Οι επαγγελματίες πατριώτες θα σιωπήσουν πάλι ή θα ξανατζογάρουν στην πολιτική αφέλεια του λαού εξαγοράζοντας τον λόγο τους-φόβητρο με αργύρια. Όσο για μας τους «μικρούς», για μια ακόμη φορά θα συνεχίζουμε να «φοβόμαστε για αυτά που θα γίνουν για μας χωρίς εμάς» με τον λαό να επιμένει στις ξαπλώστρες και στους καναπέδες και θα αναφωνήσουμε για μια ακόμη φορά για την «τιμή των όπλων: Αιδώς Αργείοι».
19 Ιουνίου 2009
Προς Πρόεδρο της Δημοκρατίας κ. Κάρολο Παπούλια
Προεδρικό Μέγαρο
Βασιλέως Γεωργίου Β΄2
Αθήνα Τ.Κ 100 28
Εξοχότατε κύριε Πρόεδρε,
Οι Παμμακεδονικές Ενώσεις ΗΠΑ, Αυστραλίας, Ευρώπης, Καναδά και Αφρικής εκφράζουν έντονη διαμαρτυρία για την απαράδεκτη, εθνικά επιζήμια, προσωπική απόφαση της Υπουργού Εξωτερικών κ. Ντόρας Μπακογιάννη (σύμφωνα με δημοσιεύματα έγκυρων Ελληνικών εφημερίδων), να αποδεχτεί την είσοδο στην Ελλάδα του Υπουργού Εξωτερικών της πΓΔΜ, κ. Μιλόσοσκι για τη Σύνοδο του ΟΑΣΕ στην Κέρκυρα στις 27-28 Ιουνίου, με αεροσκάφος των “Μακεδονικών” αερογραμμών.
Υπενθυμίζουμε ότι ο κ. Μιλόσοσκι πρόσφατα βρέθηκε στη Νέα Υόρκη για να προωθήσει το θέμα της μηνύσεως της πΓΔΜ εναντίον της Ελληνικής Δημοκρατίας. Είναι ο ίδιος κ. Μιλόσοσκι ο οποίος μιλά για καταπιεσμένη “Μακεδονική”, “Αλβανική” και “Τουρκική” μειονότητα στην Ελλάδα. Ακόμη είναι ο ίδιος κ. Μιλόσοσκι ο οποίος σε συνέντευξή του στην ελληνική τηλεόραση προ δυο ετών μιλούσε για προβλήματα μεταξύ “Μακεδόνων” και Ελλήνων και μεταξύ “Μακεδονίας” και Ελλάδας, χωρίς καμιά αντίδραση από την κ. Μπακογιάννη. Επίσης, ο Υπουργός Εξωτερικών της πΓΔΜ σε διάφορες συνεντεύξεις του στον Ελληνικό και διεθνή Τύπο ισχυρίστηκε πως έως και το 1988 το βόρειο αυτό κομμάτι της ελληνικής γης δεν ονομαζόταν Μακεδονία, αλλά Βόρεια Ελλάδα... και το Ελληνικό Υπουργείο Εξωτερικών ουδέποτε τον διέψευσε.
Η απόφαση αυτή της κυρίας Υπουργού αποτελεί εξευτελισμό της χώρας μας με απόλυτη υπευθυνότητα του Υπουργείου Εξωτερικών διότι δεν είναι “εξαίρεση”, όπως ισχυρίστηκε ο αντιπρόσωπος του Υπουργείου Εξωτερικών, κ. Δελαβέκουρας, αλλά σαφέστατη απόκλιση από την πολιτική που έχει διακηρύξει η παρούσα κυβέρνηση και ενέκρινε ο ελληνικός λαός δια της ψήφου του και διακύβευση εθνικών συμφερόντων.
Υπενθυμίζουμε ότι όταν η Εξοχότητά Σας κάλεσε τον τότε Πρόεδρο της Δημοκρατίας της πΓΔΜ, κ. Τσερβενκόφσκι δεν του επετράπη να μπει στη χώρα με αεροσκάφος των “Μακεδονικών” αερογραμμών, μια πολύ σωστή και εθνικά αξιοπρεπής απόφαση.
Η ως άνω παραχώρηση της κυρίας Υπουργού αναιρεί την αξιοπρεπή αυτή στάση του Προέδρου της Δημοκρατίας, παραβιάζει την κόκκινη γραμμή της κυβέρνησης και αυτό πριν καν αρχίσει ο νέος κύκλος διαπραγματεύσεων για το θέμα της ονομασίας της πΓΔΜ.
Οι Παμμακεδονικές Ενώσεις ανά την υφήλιο σας καλούν με την ιδιότητά σας ως Προέδρου της Ελληνικής Δημοκρατίας καθώς και τους πολιτικούς αρχηγούς όλων των κομμάτων να παρέμβετε άμεσα και να διαφυλάξετε τα εθνικά συμφέροντα και την εθνική αξιοπρέπεια της Ελλάδος, ματαιώνοντας την προκλητική πτήση του κ. Μιλόσοσκι.
Με εκτίμηση,
Παμμακεδονική Ένωση Αμερικής-Νίνα Γκατζούλη, Ύπατη Πρόεδρος
Παμμακεδονική Ένωση Αυστραλίας-Δημήτρης Μηνάς, Πρόεδρος
Παμμακεδονική Ένωση Καναδά-Χαράλαμπος Μουτουσίδης, Πρόεδρος
Παμμακεδονική Ένωση Ευρώπης-Αρχιμανδρίτης Παντελεήμων Τσορμπατζόγλου, Πρόεδρος
Μακεδονικά Τμήματα Αφρικής-Δημήτριος Βουγιουκλής, πρώην Πρόεδρος
Κοινοποίηση:
Πρωθυπουργό κ. Κώστα Καραμανλή
Αρχηγό Αξιωματικής Αντιπολίτευσης κ. Γιώργο Παπανδρέου
Πρόεδρος Βουλής κ. Σούφια
Αρχηγούς κομμάτων
Υπουργό Εξωτερικών κ. Ντόρα Μπακογιάννη
Ελληνικό Κοινοβούλιο
Μέσα Μαζικής Ενημέρωσης
ΤΙ ΘΑ ΠΕΡΙΜΕΝΕ ΚΑΝΕΙΣ ΑΠΟ ΓΟΝΟ ΤΟΥ ΜΗΤΣΟΤΑΚΗ ;;;
Ο ΙΔΙΟΣ ΔΙΕΚΥΡΗΤΕ, ΠΡΟ ΔΕΚΑΕΤΙΑΣ ΠΕΡΙΠΟΥ, ΟΤΙ ΤΟ ΘΕΜΑ ΤΟΥ ΟΝΟΜΑΤΟΣ ΘΑ ΤΟ ΕΧΩΜΕ ΞΑΧΑΣΗ (ΑΛΛΑ Ο ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΟΣ ΛΑΟΣ ΔΕΝ ΑΚΟΛΟΥΘΗΣΕ ΤΗΝ ΣΚΕΨΙ ΤΟΥ).
ΠΡΟ ΜΕΡΙΚΩΝ ΔΕΚΑΕΤΙΩΝ, Ο ΠΑΤΗΡ ΜΗΤΣΟΤΑΚΗΣ, ΩΣ ΥΠ.ΕΞ ΣΤΗΝ ΚΥΒΕΡΝΗΣΙ ΚΑΡΑΜΑΝΛΗ (ΤΟΥ «ΕΘΝΑΡΧΗ»), ΕΙΧΕ ΚΑΤΗΓΟΡΗΘΕΙ, ΟΤΙ ΟΧΙ ΜΟΝΟΝ ΕΙΝΑΙ ΙΚΑΝΟΣ ΝΑ ΠΩΛΗΣΗ ΚΑΙ ΤΗΝ ΑΚΡΟΠΟΛΙ, ΑΛΛΑ ΝΑ ΤΗΝ ΠΩΛΗΣΗ ΚΑΙΣΕ ΧΑΜΗΛΗ ΤΙΜΗ!
ΚΑΙ ΠΕΡΙΜΕΝΟΜΕ «ΕΘΝΙΚΗ ΣΤΑΣΙ» ΑΠΟ ΤΗΝ ΧΑΜΟΓΕΛΑΣΤΗ ΚΥΡΙΑ;
ΕΑΝ ΔΕΝ ΞΕΠΟΥΛΗΣΗ, ΔΕΝ ΘΑ ΤΗΝ ΧΡΙΣΟΥΝ ΠΡΩΘΥΠΟΥΡΓΟ!
ΚΑΙ Ο ΠΑΤΗΡ, ΑΝΑΜΕΝΕΙ ΝΑ ΔΗ ΤΗΝ ΝΤΟΡΟΥΛΑ ΤΟΥ ΠΡΩΘΥΠΟΥΡΓΟ (ΑΛΛΟΙΜΟΝΟ ΣΤΟΝ ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΟ ΛΑΟ).
(ΜΕ ΤΙΣ ΟΙΚΟΣΚΕΥΕΣ ΤΗΣ ... ΜΗΖΕΝΣ, ΤΙ ΓΙΝΕΤΑΙ ;;;)
Το ελληνικό Υπουργείο Εξωτερικών, εξακολουθεί να παραμένει στον κόσμο του. Τίποτε δεν κατάλαβε από το αποτέλεσμα των Ευρωεκλογών και το μήνυμα που έστειλε ο ελληνικός λαός. Και αυτό φαίνεται ξεκάθαρα από τις δηλώσεις του κ. Δελαβάκουρα, το νέο εκπρόσωπο του ΥΠΕΞ, ο οποίος, σε ερωτήσεις δημοσιογράφων ενημέρωσε ότι ο υπουργός Εξωτερικών των Σκοπίων θα γίνει δεκτός στην Ελλάδα μεταφερόμενος με σκοπιανό αεροπλάνο των «Μακεδονικών Αερογραμμών (ΜΑΤ)» στο πλαίσιο της συνόδου του ΟΑΣΕ που θα γίνει στις 27 Ιουνίου στην Κέρκυρα.
Έτσι καταργείται και η πάγια τακτική που ακολουθούσαν οι μέχρι τώρα ελληνικές κυβερνήσεις, να επιτρέπεται δηλαδή η διέλευση σκοπιανών αεροσκαφών από το FIR Αθηνών, αλλά να απαγορεύεται η προσγείωσή τους σε ελληνικά αεροδρόμια. Δίνοντας παράλληλα ένα ακόμη βήμα στον Γκρουέφσκυ για να κερδίσει πόντους στο εσωτερικό, της χώρας τους, καθώς η προσγείωση στην Ελλάδα αεροσκάφους με τα διακριτικά της "Μακεδονίας" καταγράφεται ήδη ως επιτυχία από τα σκοπιανά ΜΜΕ.
Στο όνομα λοιπόν της λογικής Μπακογιάννη «business above all» (οι επιχειρήσεις κρατικές και ιδιωτικές στα Σκόπια πάνω από όλα) και παρά το σαφές μήνυμα των Ελλήνων αλλά και των Μακεδόνων ιδιαίτερα μέσα από τις κάλπες των Ευρωεκλογών, η ελληνική κυβέρνηση, συνεχίζει την πολιτική της κατηφόρα, γράφοντάς μας όλους στα παλαιότερα των υποδημάτων της.
Μέσα λοιπόν από την ίδια λογική θα δούμε απόδοση τιμών στον κ. Μιλόσοσκυ και θα καταπιούμε το σάλιο μας υποδεχόμενοι επισήμως αυτή τη φορά το αεροσκάφος των «Μακεδονικών Αερογραμμών». Οι επαγγελματίες πατριώτες θα σιωπήσουν πάλι ή θα ξανατζογάρουν στην πολιτική αφέλεια του λαού εξαγοράζοντας τον λόγο τους-φόβητρο με αργύρια. Όσο για μας τους «μικρούς», για μια ακόμη φορά θα συνεχίζουμε να «φοβόμαστε για αυτά που θα γίνουν για μας χωρίς εμάς» με τον λαό να επιμένει στις ξαπλώστρες και στους καναπέδες και θα αναφωνήσουμε για μια ακόμη φορά για την «τιμή των όπλων: Αιδώς Αργείοι».
19 Ιουνίου 2009
Προς Πρόεδρο της Δημοκρατίας κ. Κάρολο Παπούλια
Προεδρικό Μέγαρο
Βασιλέως Γεωργίου Β΄2
Αθήνα Τ.Κ 100 28
Εξοχότατε κύριε Πρόεδρε,
Οι Παμμακεδονικές Ενώσεις ΗΠΑ, Αυστραλίας, Ευρώπης, Καναδά και Αφρικής εκφράζουν έντονη διαμαρτυρία για την απαράδεκτη, εθνικά επιζήμια, προσωπική απόφαση της Υπουργού Εξωτερικών κ. Ντόρας Μπακογιάννη (σύμφωνα με δημοσιεύματα έγκυρων Ελληνικών εφημερίδων), να αποδεχτεί την είσοδο στην Ελλάδα του Υπουργού Εξωτερικών της πΓΔΜ, κ. Μιλόσοσκι για τη Σύνοδο του ΟΑΣΕ στην Κέρκυρα στις 27-28 Ιουνίου, με αεροσκάφος των “Μακεδονικών” αερογραμμών.
Υπενθυμίζουμε ότι ο κ. Μιλόσοσκι πρόσφατα βρέθηκε στη Νέα Υόρκη για να προωθήσει το θέμα της μηνύσεως της πΓΔΜ εναντίον της Ελληνικής Δημοκρατίας. Είναι ο ίδιος κ. Μιλόσοσκι ο οποίος μιλά για καταπιεσμένη “Μακεδονική”, “Αλβανική” και “Τουρκική” μειονότητα στην Ελλάδα. Ακόμη είναι ο ίδιος κ. Μιλόσοσκι ο οποίος σε συνέντευξή του στην ελληνική τηλεόραση προ δυο ετών μιλούσε για προβλήματα μεταξύ “Μακεδόνων” και Ελλήνων και μεταξύ “Μακεδονίας” και Ελλάδας, χωρίς καμιά αντίδραση από την κ. Μπακογιάννη. Επίσης, ο Υπουργός Εξωτερικών της πΓΔΜ σε διάφορες συνεντεύξεις του στον Ελληνικό και διεθνή Τύπο ισχυρίστηκε πως έως και το 1988 το βόρειο αυτό κομμάτι της ελληνικής γης δεν ονομαζόταν Μακεδονία, αλλά Βόρεια Ελλάδα... και το Ελληνικό Υπουργείο Εξωτερικών ουδέποτε τον διέψευσε.
Η απόφαση αυτή της κυρίας Υπουργού αποτελεί εξευτελισμό της χώρας μας με απόλυτη υπευθυνότητα του Υπουργείου Εξωτερικών διότι δεν είναι “εξαίρεση”, όπως ισχυρίστηκε ο αντιπρόσωπος του Υπουργείου Εξωτερικών, κ. Δελαβέκουρας, αλλά σαφέστατη απόκλιση από την πολιτική που έχει διακηρύξει η παρούσα κυβέρνηση και ενέκρινε ο ελληνικός λαός δια της ψήφου του και διακύβευση εθνικών συμφερόντων.
Υπενθυμίζουμε ότι όταν η Εξοχότητά Σας κάλεσε τον τότε Πρόεδρο της Δημοκρατίας της πΓΔΜ, κ. Τσερβενκόφσκι δεν του επετράπη να μπει στη χώρα με αεροσκάφος των “Μακεδονικών” αερογραμμών, μια πολύ σωστή και εθνικά αξιοπρεπής απόφαση.
Η ως άνω παραχώρηση της κυρίας Υπουργού αναιρεί την αξιοπρεπή αυτή στάση του Προέδρου της Δημοκρατίας, παραβιάζει την κόκκινη γραμμή της κυβέρνησης και αυτό πριν καν αρχίσει ο νέος κύκλος διαπραγματεύσεων για το θέμα της ονομασίας της πΓΔΜ.
Οι Παμμακεδονικές Ενώσεις ανά την υφήλιο σας καλούν με την ιδιότητά σας ως Προέδρου της Ελληνικής Δημοκρατίας καθώς και τους πολιτικούς αρχηγούς όλων των κομμάτων να παρέμβετε άμεσα και να διαφυλάξετε τα εθνικά συμφέροντα και την εθνική αξιοπρέπεια της Ελλάδος, ματαιώνοντας την προκλητική πτήση του κ. Μιλόσοσκι.
Με εκτίμηση,
Παμμακεδονική Ένωση Αμερικής-Νίνα Γκατζούλη, Ύπατη Πρόεδρος
Παμμακεδονική Ένωση Αυστραλίας-Δημήτρης Μηνάς, Πρόεδρος
Παμμακεδονική Ένωση Καναδά-Χαράλαμπος Μουτουσίδης, Πρόεδρος
Παμμακεδονική Ένωση Ευρώπης-Αρχιμανδρίτης Παντελεήμων Τσορμπατζόγλου, Πρόεδρος
Μακεδονικά Τμήματα Αφρικής-Δημήτριος Βουγιουκλής, πρώην Πρόεδρος
Κοινοποίηση:
Πρωθυπουργό κ. Κώστα Καραμανλή
Αρχηγό Αξιωματικής Αντιπολίτευσης κ. Γιώργο Παπανδρέου
Πρόεδρος Βουλής κ. Σούφια
Αρχηγούς κομμάτων
Υπουργό Εξωτερικών κ. Ντόρα Μπακογιάννη
Ελληνικό Κοινοβούλιο
Μέσα Μαζικής Ενημέρωσης
ΤΙ ΘΑ ΠΕΡΙΜΕΝΕ ΚΑΝΕΙΣ ΑΠΟ ΓΟΝΟ ΤΟΥ ΜΗΤΣΟΤΑΚΗ ;;;
Ο ΙΔΙΟΣ ΔΙΕΚΥΡΗΤΕ, ΠΡΟ ΔΕΚΑΕΤΙΑΣ ΠΕΡΙΠΟΥ, ΟΤΙ ΤΟ ΘΕΜΑ ΤΟΥ ΟΝΟΜΑΤΟΣ ΘΑ ΤΟ ΕΧΩΜΕ ΞΑΧΑΣΗ (ΑΛΛΑ Ο ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΟΣ ΛΑΟΣ ΔΕΝ ΑΚΟΛΟΥΘΗΣΕ ΤΗΝ ΣΚΕΨΙ ΤΟΥ).
ΠΡΟ ΜΕΡΙΚΩΝ ΔΕΚΑΕΤΙΩΝ, Ο ΠΑΤΗΡ ΜΗΤΣΟΤΑΚΗΣ, ΩΣ ΥΠ.ΕΞ ΣΤΗΝ ΚΥΒΕΡΝΗΣΙ ΚΑΡΑΜΑΝΛΗ (ΤΟΥ «ΕΘΝΑΡΧΗ»), ΕΙΧΕ ΚΑΤΗΓΟΡΗΘΕΙ, ΟΤΙ ΟΧΙ ΜΟΝΟΝ ΕΙΝΑΙ ΙΚΑΝΟΣ ΝΑ ΠΩΛΗΣΗ ΚΑΙ ΤΗΝ ΑΚΡΟΠΟΛΙ, ΑΛΛΑ ΝΑ ΤΗΝ ΠΩΛΗΣΗ ΚΑΙΣΕ ΧΑΜΗΛΗ ΤΙΜΗ!
ΚΑΙ ΠΕΡΙΜΕΝΟΜΕ «ΕΘΝΙΚΗ ΣΤΑΣΙ» ΑΠΟ ΤΗΝ ΧΑΜΟΓΕΛΑΣΤΗ ΚΥΡΙΑ;
ΕΑΝ ΔΕΝ ΞΕΠΟΥΛΗΣΗ, ΔΕΝ ΘΑ ΤΗΝ ΧΡΙΣΟΥΝ ΠΡΩΘΥΠΟΥΡΓΟ!
ΚΑΙ Ο ΠΑΤΗΡ, ΑΝΑΜΕΝΕΙ ΝΑ ΔΗ ΤΗΝ ΝΤΟΡΟΥΛΑ ΤΟΥ ΠΡΩΘΥΠΟΥΡΓΟ (ΑΛΛΟΙΜΟΝΟ ΣΤΟΝ ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΟ ΛΑΟ).
(ΜΕ ΤΙΣ ΟΙΚΟΣΚΕΥΕΣ ΤΗΣ ... ΜΗΖΕΝΣ, ΤΙ ΓΙΝΕΤΑΙ ;;;)
Sunday, 17 May 2009
Αυτό που κρατάμε από τον διαγωνισμό της Eurovision 2009
Αυτό που κρατάμε από τον διαγωνισμό της eurovision 2009 είναι η παρουσίαση της Ελλάδος (εισαγωγικό σποτ)με τα ξεκάθαρα μηνύματα για την Ελληνικότητα της Μακεδονίας μας.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3PNU2tyIC8U&eurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Egreekalert%2Ecom%2F2009%2F05%2Feurovision%2D2009%2Ehtml&feature=player_embedded
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3PNU2tyIC8U&eurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Egreekalert%2Ecom%2F2009%2F05%2Feurovision%2D2009%2Ehtml&feature=player_embedded
Macedonian names and makeDonski pseudo-linguistics: The case of the name Attas
Posted by admin in Ancient Macedonian History, Articles, Language, Linguistics
By Miltiades Elia Bolaris
May 09, 2009
Balkan Illusion - phantasia archaica:
“…it is very interesting to note that many of the authentic ancient Macedonian words, according to their etymology and pronunciation, have a striking resemblance to the appropriate words used in the modern Macedonian language (and other so called “Slav” languages).”
“Ata(s). The root of this name contains the noun “at”, which in the so called “Old Slavic language” meant “a horse”. We note that the ancient Macedonians were great horsemen and horses were very importaint for them. Such names allready(sic) exsists(sic) in onomasticons(sic) of other peoples (for example Bulgarians have their popular name Asparuh, which means “speed horse” in Old Bulgarian language). The same name “Ata” is present in todays’ Macedonian onomasticon.”
From: “Similarities between ancient Macedonian and today’s’ Macedonian Culture (Linguistics and Onomastics)”, by: Aleksandar Donski, celebrity folk “historian” from FYROM.
Attas / Αττας
All the Slavic languages belong to the Satem branch of the Indo-European tree of languages, along with the Iranian and Indic languages, which include old Persian and Sanskrit. One of the modern Slavic tongues is the Slavic dialect spoken in FYROM, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, by the Slav speakers of that country. It belongs to the same sub-branch of south Slavic languages that include Serbo-Croatian and Bulgarian, being a transitional dialect between the two. It is closely related to Bulgarian, but with many similarities and lexical and phonetic affinities to Serbian.
The word for horse in Serbian, Croatian and Makedonski Slavic is: коњ / Konj , while in Bulgarian it is: кон / kоnj or коне / konje. In Russian there are two words for horse: лошадь / loshad, but also конь
/ konj. In Slovak the horse is called: kôň and in Slovenian: konj, while in Polish it is : Koń.
If all modern Slavs from Beograd to Vladivostok and from Sofia to St. Petersburg call horse by a name that sounds like kon or konj, it would be a linguistic paradox indeed for a word as widely spread among all modern Slavic languages and dialects to have had a totally unrelated root. Of course, not all people of Slavic language and culture consider themselves Slavs. Let us look into this issue and let the horse wait for now.
Some writers from FYROM prefer to use quotation marks before and after the word Slav. They seem to consciously prefer to write: “Slav”. According to their school of Balkan historical revisionism “Slavs” are not Slavs, but descendants of the ancient Macedonians. In other words, the Slavomacedonians, the Bulgarians, the Poles, the Russians, the Belorussians, the Ukrainians, Serbs, Czechs etc, they are all descendants of the ancient Macedonians: they just do not know it yet. It is high time for them to learn the truth of their glorious ancient legacy, it seems. Here steps to the plate one of the apologists of these “theories” and with a book called : “Ancient Macedonian Heritage in Todays’ Macedonian Nation”, he tries to fill that abysmal void:
“There are a certain number of arguments and strong indications in support of the existence of (at least partial) ethno-cultural links between the ancient Macedonians and Veneti.”, tells us Aleksandfar Donski of FYROM. And then he continues:
“Before presenting some of these arguments, it is required to affirm that the Veneti were among the oldest nations in Europe. Narratively the Veneti were initially mentioned as people from Asia Minor, and later on as Balkan people as well. Furthermore, there are number of testimonials and evidences that the ancient people Veneti were the ancestors of the so called “Slavs”. This practically means that the ancient Macedonians and the so called “Slavs” should have (at least partial) common ethno-cultural background.”
The writer has made a few claims above, so let us enumerate them and let us examine them one by one:
a. There were supposedly cultural and ethnic links between the Macedonians and the Veneti of ancient times.
b. The Veneti were mentioned as a people of the Asia Minor but also of the Balkans.
c. We are told that there are a number of testimonials and evidences that the ancient Veneti were the ancestors of the so called “Slavs”. (the reader should take note here of the expression: “so called “Slavs” “).
d.The ancient Macedonians and the “so called “Slavs”" should practically have (at least partial) common ethno-cultural background.
Let us take these arguments one at a time:
While we are told that are “a certain number of arguments and strong indications in support of ” links between the Macedonians and the Venetic speaking Veneti of Northwestern Illyria, no such argument or even indication is mentioned, obviously as we are told : “the space on this occasion is limited”. We simply have to wait for a next edition, it seems. In reality, there was never any direct or indirect contact between the Macedonians and the Veneti: none is mentioned in the historical record. Outlandish claims are cheap to make and in the unstable ground of the Balkans, they come by the dozen. The ancient Mediterranean world, thanks in part to the extensive written record left behind primarily by the Greeks and later on by the Latins is a fairly well documented world. The Macedonians had extensive relations with the the southern Illyrians, the Dardani and the Taulantii, of today’s northern Albania Kossovo and Serbia, even the Autariatae of today’s Serbia. The Macedonians fought with them many times and they exchanged brides with them on occasion, to secure the unstable peace among them. They also had many relations with the Thracians and Paeonians to the east and northeast of them. But the Veneti were located where is now Slovenia and northeastern Italy. Venice / Venezzia and Veneto of Italy take their name from the ancient Veneti. The Macedonians were never in those lands, no matter how much closer to Macedonia they seem to be when compared to distant India and Afghanistan.
There are myths which connect the Henetoi / Ενετοι of Paphlagonia / Παφλαγωνια to the Veneti of Italy and Illyria. Strabo the Geographer, quoting from Antinoridae / Αντινοριδαι
, a long lost tragedy by Sophocles mentions:
“Σοφοκλη̂ς γου̂ν ἐν τῃ̂ ἁλώσει του̂ Ιλίου παρδαλέαν φησὶ πρὸ τη̂ς θύρας του̂ Αντήνορος προτεθη̂ναι σύμβολον του̂ ἀπόρθητον ἐαθη̂ναι τὴν οἰκίαν. τὸν μὲν οὐ̂ν Αντήνορα καὶ τοὺς παι̂δας μετὰ τω̂ν περιγενομένων Ενετω̂ν εἰς τὴν Θρᾴκην περισωθη̂ναι κἀκει̂θεν διαπεσει̂ν εἰς τὴν λεγομένην κατὰ τὸν Αδρίαν Ενετικήν
Στραβων, Γεωγραφικα
, 13.1.53
“At any rate, Sophocles says that at the capture of Troy a Leopard’s skin was put before the doors of Antenor as a sign that his house was to be left un-pillaged; and Antenor and his children safely escaped to Thrace with the survivors of the Heneti, and from there got across to the Adriatic Henetice”
Strabo, Geography 13.1.53
Τhen Virgil comes to repeat this old Greek myth, which helps him with the founding myth of Rome as descending from Αινειας / Aeneas’ Trojans, and speaks of Αντηνωρ
/ Antenor, who was saved by the Greeks during the sack of Troy for having been sympathetic to their cause, I.e. The return of Helen to Menelaos, and having been a good host to Menelaos himself. Let us hear the myth as poetically sung by Virgil:
Antenor potuit, mediis elapsus Achivis, 242
Illyricos penetrare sinus, atque intima tutus
regna Liburnorum, et fontem superare Timavi,
unde per ora novem vasto cum murmure montis 245
it mare proruptum et pelago premit arva sonanti.
Hic tamen ille urbem Patavi sedesque locavit
Teucrorum, et genti nomen dedit, armaque fixit
Troia; nunc placida compostus pace quiescit:
nos, tua progenies, caeli quibus adnuis arcem, 250
navibus (infandum!) amissis, unius ob iram
prodimur atque Italis longe disiungimur oris.
Hic pietatis honos? Sic nos in sceptra reponis?’
Vergili Maronis Aeneidos Liber Primus
Antenor, though th’ Achaeans pressed him sore, 242
found his way forth, and entered unassailed
Illyria’s haven, and the guarded land
of the Liburni. Straight up stream he sailed 245
where like a swollen sea Timavus pours
a nine-fold flood from roaring mountain gorge,
and whelms with voiceful wave the fields below.
He built Patavium there, and fixed abodes
for Troy’s far-exiled sons; he gave a name 250
to a new land and race; the Trojan arms
were hung on temple walls; and, to this day,
lying in perfect peace, the hero sleeps.
Virgil, Aeniad Book One
So, Virgil tells us that Antenor sailed through the sea of the Illyrians past the Liburnians and finally established his new colony at Patavium, today’s Padova / Padua in Italy. Taking the relay baton from the poets,Livy, the Roman Historian, begins his History of Rome by repeating the same old myth of Antenor, as first related by Sophocles:
Antenorem cum multitudine Enetum, qui seditione ex Paphlagonia pulsi et sedes et ducem rege Pylaemene ad Troiam amisso quaerebant, venisse in intimum maris Hadriatici sinum, Euganeisque qui inter mare Alpesque incolebant pulsis Enetos Troianosque eas tenuisse terras. Et in quem primo egressi sunt locum Troia vocatur pagoque inde Troiano nomen est: gens universa Veneti appellati.
Titus Livius, Gestorum Romanorum I.1
Antenor sailed into the furthest part of the Adriatic, accompanied by a number of Enetians who had been driven from Paphlagonia by a revolution and after losing their king Pylaemenes before Troy were looking for a settlement and a leader. The combined force of Enetians and Trojans defeated the Euganei, who dwelt between the sea and the Alps and occupied their land. The place where they disembarked was called Troy, and the name was extended to the surrounding district; the whole nation were called Veneti.
Livy, History of Rome, Book I.1
So, the myths tell us the basic founding story: Troy falls, Aeneas ends up in central Italy and establishes Roma/Rome and Antenor goes to the end of the Adriatic and establishes Patavium/Padova/Padua.
In his third point the Balkan revisionist “historian” casually informs us that “we are told that there are a number of testimonials and evidences that the ancient Veneti were the ancestors of the so called “Slavs”. (it is obvious that by using quotes when he mentions the so called “Slavs”, he insinuates that the so called “Slavs” are not really…Slavs). In a vague, imprecise and unscientific way he continues his utterly unsubstantiated ramblings: “we are told…that”…and the obvious question screams back : we are told by whom? Yet he continues unabashedly: “there are a number of testimonials and evidences”. Someone testified and forgot to tell us about it? Someone gave evidence that has since been hidden away in a double-locked drawer? Who testified? What testimonies? Where is the evidence? Are we supposed to digest what we are told, just because someone wants us to believe that: “the ancient Veneti were the ancestors of the so called “Slavs”? Are we supposed to accept the old dictum of the medieval Catholic church : “Believe and do not search!” ?
We would much rather go searching. Since there are four different instances of the word Veneti being used to describe ancient peoples, one in prehistory (Henetoi of Paphlagonia) and three in Historical times: a. the Veneti in Northern Italy, b. the Veneti of France and c. the Venedi of the Baltic Sea. Greek and Latin myths connect the Henetoi of Asia Minor and the Venetoi at the frontier of Italy and Illyria. We should never equate myth with history but we cannot discount it either without looking into the evidence if that is available. But we will come back to this issue. Let us look at the Veneti of Gaul, today’s France. In his book on the Gauls, B. Cunliffe informs us that the Veneti of Gaul were a “Maritime tribe living in the southwest of the Amorican peninsula. They were traders and acted as middlemen in shipping goods from Britain to the south. In 56 B.C.E. they rebelled against Caesar but were soundly beaten in a sea battle at Quiberon, and as a result all the leading men were executed and the rest sold as slaves.”
B. Cunliffe , The Celtic World, 1979.
The Gaelic Veneti were according to the sources a Celtic tribe. Their language was a Celtic dialect. Caesar effectively eliminated and exterminated them, through massacre and slavery, and they became extinct as a nation. No connection has ever been attested between them and the Italo-Illyrian Veneti. Trying to relate them to the Slavs, or for that matter to the Azteks or the Patagonian Indians is not going to help anyone’s case, since they became extinct anyway.
If the Italo-Illyrian Veneti were not related to the Gaelic Veneti, then what were they?
The noted University of Chicago Indo-Europeanist linguist Eric P. Hamp in one of his early works (The Relationship of Venetic within Italic, published in The American Journal of Philology, Vol.75, No.2, pp.183-186) and also in his more recent Diagram of the Indo-European languages as shown in the Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford university Press 2006) groups the Venetic language along with Latin in the Italic branch of Languages.
The Venetic language is documented in some 200 to 300 inscriptions dating from the 6th to the 1st century BC, when it was completely absorbed by Latin.
Let us look at some inscriptions, that have been used by the proponents of the Italic linguistic connection. The first inscription is from Este (Es 45):
Venetic : mego donasto sainatei reitiiai porai egeotora aimoi ke louderobos
Latin : me donavit sanatrici reitiae bonae egetora [pro]aemo liberis-que
Translation: Egetora gave me to Good Reitia the Healer on behalf of Aemus and the children
(Prosdocimi in Pellegrini 1967: 149-150)
The second inscription was found written on a situla urn at Cadore (Ca 4 Valle):
Venetic : eik goltanos doto louderai kanei
Latin : hic goltanus dedit liberae cani
Translation: Goltanus sacrificed this for the virgin Kanis
(Prosdocimi in Pellegrini 1967: 464-468)
We are not linguists here, nor do we pretend to be such, but some things are eye-popping obvious! I would definitely say that these inscriptions do not look too good for the “Slavic connection theory” folks. If nothing else, the linguistic evidence corroborates the ancient Greek myths of the Paphlagonian Henetoi/ Ενετοι and Trojan Allies who, under Antenor, followed Aeneias’ Trojans to the west and settled on different areas of Italy: one group going west and another Northeast, next to Illyria. The Myth, as we have come to expect of Greek myths by now, is not hollow poetry, it has historic substance behind it.
One more very interesting piece of linguistic evidence that came to us from the archeologist’s spade comes from a most unexpected geographic location: the village of Kaminia /
Καμινια in Lemnos/Λημνος, the North Aegean island across from Troy/ Τροια and the Dardanelles. In the prehistoric citadel of Poliochni / Πολιοχνη, a 6th ce. BC marble funerary stele was discovered ιν
1885. The letters are Greek but the inscription is another, distantly related non-Indo-European language :
The scholarly community went to work and the consensus is that it is a language closely related to Etruscan. The Etruscans are not the Eneti, but it is proven that commercial, linguistic and ethnic links existed between Troy and the area around it, Lemnos in the Aegean on the one hand and central and northern Italy on the other. This of course did not dissuade certain Turkish “scholars” from claiming that the Lemnian was a Proto-Altao-Turano-Turkic inscription, “evidence” that the Mongolian related Turks were in the Aegean circa at least the 6th c BC (almost 1800 years before they stepped their foot on Anatolia, modern Turkey, in other words).
In his well documented book “The Illyrians” , 1992, John Wilkes tells us (on page 76) that: “Enough of the language and vocabulary survives to indicate that Venetic was a northwest Indo-european dialect with several points of correspondence with Latin.” Further down, on the same page, John Wilkes gives us examples of typical Venetic names which include: Axius, Cantius, Carminius, Appuleius, Avitus, Tutor, Barbius, Boniatus, Cervius, Cusonius, Dasimius, Firmius, Laetus, Lucanus, Lucillus, Muttius, Mulvius, Oaetus, Oppius, Plaetorius, Veitor, Titius, Turus, Voltiomnos and Volumnius. Again, the Slavic connection seems to have hit the wall. It is obvious that by using a good Latin dictionary, someone could go much further in helping us decipher the original meaning of each of these names, names of the extinct language of the Veneti than using any dictionary of the Old Slavonic language. So, then how can we explain all the fuss about trying to make a connection between the south Slavs of the Balkans and the Italian Veneti?
Professor Zlatko Skrbis is the author of many books on Sociology, one of which is named: Long-distance Nationalism (1999). In a more recent study on the “The emotional historiography of Venetologists. Slovene diaspora, memory, and nationalism”, professor Zlatko Skrbis (who is himself a Slovene expatriate and a professor of Sociology in the School of Social Science at the University of Queensland, Australia), explored what he calls the “Venetological re-interpretations of Slovenes’ Origines”. In accordance to that theory, the Slovenes are not Slavic but Venetic people and indeed they alone are the autochthonous people of prehistoric Europe. It is no wonder, I am thinking, how great minds of the Balkans meet under the same nationalistic umbrella of “autochthonous” existence : The Albanians are Illyrians (though their language is proven to be derived from the Dacian of the Carpathians, north of the Danube), the Slavs of southern Yugoslavia are descendants of the ancient Macedonians of Alexander the Great, and lately some Bulgarians try to convince themselves that they are the ancient Thracians or, better yet, Iranians! Did I fail to mention that the Turks are actually modern Hittites and that Turkic genes are of course “autochthonous” to Anatolia since time immemorial? It all seems like a surreal ball masque’, where extravagant exhibition and theatrical drama is all that counts!
A Balkan circus of the traveling kind, with Thracian horsemen and Macedonian phalanghists, Hittites on chariots and proto-Slavic Veneti! A lunatic asylum, completely out of touch with reality… and why should it be? Most of the instigators of this lunacy are not even living at the scene…they are not experiencing the living hell of dire poverty and unemployment that ravages the Balkans: the ball masque’ is being held in distant Canada or Australia!
Professor Zlatko Skrbis explains that the myth of the Slovene Slavs-turned-ancient Venetoi provides the nationalistic fringe of the Slovenian nation a sense of “historical drama”.
Coming out of a miserably failed Stalinist-Titoist interpretation of Socialism, and the collapse of the Yugoslav multi-ethnic union in a bloodbath of war, genocide and foreign intervention, the Venetological re-interpretation of Slovene history is a “form of interrogation of the present and the search for a suitable past that would correspond to Slovene nationalist imaginings.” I must add that whatever is said of the Venetologists, applies like a glove to the pseudo-makedonists further south, in FYROM. Even the diaspora connection as a major force in revisionist theories of nation-creation and propagation (theories concerning the fabled identity of their people), which professor Zlatko Skrbis so vividly explains, fits the case of the Slavs-turned-Makedonski diaspora of Canada and Australia as if it was written specifically for them.
Finally we come to the Vistula Venedi.
Professor P.M. Barford’ is a British speaker of Polish and Russian among other Slavic languages, and a lecturer of Slavic Archeology in the University of Warsaw. In his recently published book (2001), “The Early Slavs” which took him over 20 years of research to write, he talks about the Vistula Venedi:
“Alongside “Sclavi” and related terms, western sources also use another name for their eastern neighbors. Some medieval western scholars applied (variants of) the name “Wends” (German Wenden) mainly for the Polabian Slavs. The concept had appeared by the time of Fredegar, who uses it (IV.68) in 660, and is also used by Boniface (in a letter of 746/7). It also appears in the Annales Bertiniani of the 860’s and several other ninth-century sources. This generic term derived from bookish traditions when written in Latin. Antique sources (including Tacitus in his Germania) referred to the people living to the east of the Germans as the Venedi, and this term was obviously reused by monkish chroniclers to describe the peoples beyond the expanding frontiers of the Frankish kingdom.”
In other words, we cannot base connections of a similarity of a name because this does not in any way constitute a proof, and the historical record especially of the middle ages needs to be taken with a critical and analytical approach and not as the word of the bible.
The local proponents of the theory that “since the Veneti are “Slavs” and the ancient Macedonians were of a “common ethno-cultural background” (historically they had never even met, and there is not a single proof that they even knew of each others existence), therefore, they exclaim in poppy-eyed delirious revelation:
“the so called “Slavs” should practically have common ethno-cultural background with the Macedonians!”
Aleksandar Donski, as above.
Perfect! A total and utter collapse of any semblance of logic, and a brutal assassination of History, in other words: Since the Macedonians were somehow and in an imaginary way supposedly and possibly related to the Veneti and since the Veneti of Asia Minor who went to Italy and Illyria were possibly and maybe according to who knows whose testimonials “Slavs”, therefore the ancient Macedonians were OF COURSE “Slavs”!
Reductio ad absurdum in perfectio!
Since black is red and red is yellow, therefore purple is green! Whom are they trying to convince?!
Having gone through the cycle of the Slavs that prefer to be called “so called “Slavs”", let us now remember where we originally started from: Attas, we were told is supposed to be a name that contains the noun “at” which in the “Old Slavic language” (their quotes) meant a horse. And they go on to tell us that the ancient Macedonians were great horsemen and horses were important to them. I suppose we do know about the horsemanship of the ancient Macedonians already: both Philip and Alexander always gave the coup de grace through their cavalry, using it as a hammer to give the blow, while the Macedonian phalanx was always being used as the anvil.
A favorite name among Macedonians was Philippos/Φιλιππος, a Greek name (like ALL the Macedonian names) for “the one who loves horses”. It is a name that is derived from Philos/φιλος meaning a friend, one who loves, and Hippos/ιππος
a horse, in Greek.
Words like philosopher, philology, philatelic, Philadelphia, philander, philanthropist, philarmonic, etc all have philos as their first part. Words like hippodrome, hippopotamus, hippocampus and Hippocratic (oath), all have the word hippos as a contributing part. Other Greek names ending in -ippos include Alkippos/Ἄ̣λ̣κι̣π̣πος, Ippostratos/Ἱππόστρατος, Kallippos/Κάλλιππος, Lexippos/Ἀλέξιππος, Xanthippos/Ξάνθιππος (the father of Pericles), Hippostratos/Ἱππόστρατος, Euippos/Εὔιππος, Poseidippos/Ποσείδιππος, Phaenippos/Φαίνιπ̣π̣ος and many others.
Now lets us again look at the words which mean horse in various Slavic languages and they all seem to have variables of конь / коњ
/ konj / koń / kôň, etc.
Why then are we told that “At” means horse in the “old slavic language”? Why are we even given the example of the old Bulgarian name Asparuch, which we are told means “speedy horse” in Slavic?
Unfortunately, this is what happens when one confusion is piled on top of another and folk etymology overstretches its narrow limits. Let us start with the last: It is known that the Bulgarians, before their descent into the Balkans, were not a Slavic people. Asparuch is far from being a Slavic name, by any stretch of imagination. It is an Iranian name of a Turkic Khan of the Pontic steppes, by the Volga (from which the Bulgarians most probably get their ethnic name). We need to remind ourselves that unlike the Slavs who settled in the Illyrian lands, in what later became Croatia, Serbia, Bosnia etc, and the the ones who settled in Macedonia in the areas north of Thessaloniki, and in historic Paeonia, in modern FYROM, the original Bulgarians were not Slavs at all.
The Bulgars were a Turkic nation that moved into Byzantine Thrace, crossing the Danube when Constantinople was under siege by the Arabs, in the 7th century AD. They allied themselves with the early Slavs of the area and moved together into the lands of the Eastern Roman empire. The Turkic speaking Bulgars were later completely assimilated culturally and linguistically by the numerically superior surrounding Slavs, producing the nation of the Bulgarians. The Greek speaking populations continued living in cities along the Black sea and in the Thracian plain around Philipoupolis, the area that was later to be called Eastern Romylia), until the beginning of the 20th century, and the Latin speaking populations moved north of the Danube and joined the ones who later formed the modern nation of Romania.
Coming now back to Asparuch, searching for its etymology we discover that the first part of his name is “aspa”, meaning horse in Iranian and it is followed by “rauk”, meaning shine, also in Iranian, from which the Turks had borrowed extensively to enrich their poor nomadic vocabulary. Asparuch is a hundred percent Iranian name, borrowed by the Turkic speaking Bulgarians from the Persians. It has nothing in common with any Slavic language.
What about “At”? “At”-meaning-horse is not Slavic either, unfortunately, as we could have guessed. No such word for horse exists in any Slavic language, except as borrowed by some of the south Slavs from the Turks during the centuries long Ottoman occupation of the Balkan peninsula. “At” is purely a Turkish word. “At” is one horse, in singular form and “Atlar” many horses, in the plural, in Turkish. In Mongolian it appears as адуу
/Aduu, which is closely related linguistically to the Turkish word for horse “At” (the original land of the Turks, before they spread into the central Asian steppes and into the middle East and Anatolia, was indeed Mongolia).
We have established that the ancient name Attas has no relation with neither horses nor “Slavs”, at least not in the way it was presented to us above. Let us then search further for its true etymology. Our Indo-European lexicons tells us that the Indo-European root word is *átta and it means: father. It is a synonym of the *ph₂tḗr from which the English word Father is derrived but also the Latin Pater and the Greek Pater/Πατηρ. Attas/Αττας as father appears in most Indo-European languages. From Hittite attas and Lydian Ata, to Celtic *attyo, Gothic atta and Old Irish aite. Attas as father also appears in Albanian as at, in Ossetian as æда (æda, for “grandfather”), In Slavonic as *otьcь / otjs, in Old Church Slavonic as отьць / otjtsj, modern Serbian and Croatian as otac, in Czech as otec and in Polish as ojciec. In Bulgarian, Russian and Slavo-makedonian attas the father appears as отец / otets, but we also find it in Latin as attas and in Greek as attas / ἄττας.
Attas or Atta appears as a name in several Indo-European languages. Attas according to L. Zgusta (Kleinasiatische Personennamen. Prague 1964 105-108) is a typical Anatolian name, attested in the Hittite language as Atta, in Lydian as Atas and in the Phrygian language also as Atas. In Both Greek and Latin Attas / Αττας
means father.
In the first century AD there is mention of a Latin dramatic Poet whose poetic work has only survived in small fragments: Titus Quinctius Atta. His name proves that Atta was also used by the Latins as a personal name.
The Militian colony of Olbe/Ολβη was built on the northern shores of the Black Sea, by the river Hypanis/Υπανις /Southern Bug, between Borysthenes / Βορυσθενης / Dnieper to the east and Tyras /Τυρας/ Dniester, just west of the Taurike/Ταυρικη
/Crimean peninsula, where today is the town of Parutino, in southern Ukraine.
It is from Olbia that the following inscription comes to us:
Regions : North Shore of the Black Sea
I.Olbia 87, N. Black Sea — Olbia: Berezan Isl.
ἀγαθῆι τύχηι].
Ἀχιλλεῖ] Ποντάρχηι
οἱ π]ερὶ Δαδακον Ἱ[ε]ρο-
σῶντος τὸ [βʹ στρατηγοί]·
Μο[υγισαγος Ασανου Α
]-
μω[σπαδος Ἀχιλλέος, Θυσ
]-
κῆς Δ[άδου, Αττας Σωμά]-
χου, Μ[ητρόδωρος Πραξι
]-
άνακ[τος, χαριστήριον]
ἐπὶ ἀ[ρχόντων τῶν περὶ]
Ἱεροσ[ῶντα Ἐπικράτους
].
Alongside such typical Greek names as Achileus, Dadakos, Metrodoros, Hieroson, Epikrates and Praxianax, in the seventh line from the top, we also read the name :
Attas Somachou/Αττας Σωμάχου/ Attas son of Somachos.
Attas, as clearly proven from this inscription, was also used as a proper first name among Greeks
By Miltiades Elia Bolaris
May 09, 2009
Balkan Illusion - phantasia archaica:
“…it is very interesting to note that many of the authentic ancient Macedonian words, according to their etymology and pronunciation, have a striking resemblance to the appropriate words used in the modern Macedonian language (and other so called “Slav” languages).”
“Ata(s). The root of this name contains the noun “at”, which in the so called “Old Slavic language” meant “a horse”. We note that the ancient Macedonians were great horsemen and horses were very importaint for them. Such names allready(sic) exsists(sic) in onomasticons(sic) of other peoples (for example Bulgarians have their popular name Asparuh, which means “speed horse” in Old Bulgarian language). The same name “Ata” is present in todays’ Macedonian onomasticon.”
From: “Similarities between ancient Macedonian and today’s’ Macedonian Culture (Linguistics and Onomastics)”, by: Aleksandar Donski, celebrity folk “historian” from FYROM.
Attas / Αττας
All the Slavic languages belong to the Satem branch of the Indo-European tree of languages, along with the Iranian and Indic languages, which include old Persian and Sanskrit. One of the modern Slavic tongues is the Slavic dialect spoken in FYROM, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, by the Slav speakers of that country. It belongs to the same sub-branch of south Slavic languages that include Serbo-Croatian and Bulgarian, being a transitional dialect between the two. It is closely related to Bulgarian, but with many similarities and lexical and phonetic affinities to Serbian.
The word for horse in Serbian, Croatian and Makedonski Slavic is: коњ / Konj , while in Bulgarian it is: кон / kоnj or коне / konje. In Russian there are two words for horse: лошадь / loshad, but also конь
/ konj. In Slovak the horse is called: kôň and in Slovenian: konj, while in Polish it is : Koń.
If all modern Slavs from Beograd to Vladivostok and from Sofia to St. Petersburg call horse by a name that sounds like kon or konj, it would be a linguistic paradox indeed for a word as widely spread among all modern Slavic languages and dialects to have had a totally unrelated root. Of course, not all people of Slavic language and culture consider themselves Slavs. Let us look into this issue and let the horse wait for now.
Some writers from FYROM prefer to use quotation marks before and after the word Slav. They seem to consciously prefer to write: “Slav”. According to their school of Balkan historical revisionism “Slavs” are not Slavs, but descendants of the ancient Macedonians. In other words, the Slavomacedonians, the Bulgarians, the Poles, the Russians, the Belorussians, the Ukrainians, Serbs, Czechs etc, they are all descendants of the ancient Macedonians: they just do not know it yet. It is high time for them to learn the truth of their glorious ancient legacy, it seems. Here steps to the plate one of the apologists of these “theories” and with a book called : “Ancient Macedonian Heritage in Todays’ Macedonian Nation”, he tries to fill that abysmal void:
“There are a certain number of arguments and strong indications in support of the existence of (at least partial) ethno-cultural links between the ancient Macedonians and Veneti.”, tells us Aleksandfar Donski of FYROM. And then he continues:
“Before presenting some of these arguments, it is required to affirm that the Veneti were among the oldest nations in Europe. Narratively the Veneti were initially mentioned as people from Asia Minor, and later on as Balkan people as well. Furthermore, there are number of testimonials and evidences that the ancient people Veneti were the ancestors of the so called “Slavs”. This practically means that the ancient Macedonians and the so called “Slavs” should have (at least partial) common ethno-cultural background.”
The writer has made a few claims above, so let us enumerate them and let us examine them one by one:
a. There were supposedly cultural and ethnic links between the Macedonians and the Veneti of ancient times.
b. The Veneti were mentioned as a people of the Asia Minor but also of the Balkans.
c. We are told that there are a number of testimonials and evidences that the ancient Veneti were the ancestors of the so called “Slavs”. (the reader should take note here of the expression: “so called “Slavs” “).
d.The ancient Macedonians and the “so called “Slavs”" should practically have (at least partial) common ethno-cultural background.
Let us take these arguments one at a time:
While we are told that are “a certain number of arguments and strong indications in support of ” links between the Macedonians and the Venetic speaking Veneti of Northwestern Illyria, no such argument or even indication is mentioned, obviously as we are told : “the space on this occasion is limited”. We simply have to wait for a next edition, it seems. In reality, there was never any direct or indirect contact between the Macedonians and the Veneti: none is mentioned in the historical record. Outlandish claims are cheap to make and in the unstable ground of the Balkans, they come by the dozen. The ancient Mediterranean world, thanks in part to the extensive written record left behind primarily by the Greeks and later on by the Latins is a fairly well documented world. The Macedonians had extensive relations with the the southern Illyrians, the Dardani and the Taulantii, of today’s northern Albania Kossovo and Serbia, even the Autariatae of today’s Serbia. The Macedonians fought with them many times and they exchanged brides with them on occasion, to secure the unstable peace among them. They also had many relations with the Thracians and Paeonians to the east and northeast of them. But the Veneti were located where is now Slovenia and northeastern Italy. Venice / Venezzia and Veneto of Italy take their name from the ancient Veneti. The Macedonians were never in those lands, no matter how much closer to Macedonia they seem to be when compared to distant India and Afghanistan.
There are myths which connect the Henetoi / Ενετοι of Paphlagonia / Παφλαγωνια to the Veneti of Italy and Illyria. Strabo the Geographer, quoting from Antinoridae / Αντινοριδαι
, a long lost tragedy by Sophocles mentions:
“Σοφοκλη̂ς γου̂ν ἐν τῃ̂ ἁλώσει του̂ Ιλίου παρδαλέαν φησὶ πρὸ τη̂ς θύρας του̂ Αντήνορος προτεθη̂ναι σύμβολον του̂ ἀπόρθητον ἐαθη̂ναι τὴν οἰκίαν. τὸν μὲν οὐ̂ν Αντήνορα καὶ τοὺς παι̂δας μετὰ τω̂ν περιγενομένων Ενετω̂ν εἰς τὴν Θρᾴκην περισωθη̂ναι κἀκει̂θεν διαπεσει̂ν εἰς τὴν λεγομένην κατὰ τὸν Αδρίαν Ενετικήν
Στραβων, Γεωγραφικα
, 13.1.53
“At any rate, Sophocles says that at the capture of Troy a Leopard’s skin was put before the doors of Antenor as a sign that his house was to be left un-pillaged; and Antenor and his children safely escaped to Thrace with the survivors of the Heneti, and from there got across to the Adriatic Henetice”
Strabo, Geography 13.1.53
Τhen Virgil comes to repeat this old Greek myth, which helps him with the founding myth of Rome as descending from Αινειας / Aeneas’ Trojans, and speaks of Αντηνωρ
/ Antenor, who was saved by the Greeks during the sack of Troy for having been sympathetic to their cause, I.e. The return of Helen to Menelaos, and having been a good host to Menelaos himself. Let us hear the myth as poetically sung by Virgil:
Antenor potuit, mediis elapsus Achivis, 242
Illyricos penetrare sinus, atque intima tutus
regna Liburnorum, et fontem superare Timavi,
unde per ora novem vasto cum murmure montis 245
it mare proruptum et pelago premit arva sonanti.
Hic tamen ille urbem Patavi sedesque locavit
Teucrorum, et genti nomen dedit, armaque fixit
Troia; nunc placida compostus pace quiescit:
nos, tua progenies, caeli quibus adnuis arcem, 250
navibus (infandum!) amissis, unius ob iram
prodimur atque Italis longe disiungimur oris.
Hic pietatis honos? Sic nos in sceptra reponis?’
Vergili Maronis Aeneidos Liber Primus
Antenor, though th’ Achaeans pressed him sore, 242
found his way forth, and entered unassailed
Illyria’s haven, and the guarded land
of the Liburni. Straight up stream he sailed 245
where like a swollen sea Timavus pours
a nine-fold flood from roaring mountain gorge,
and whelms with voiceful wave the fields below.
He built Patavium there, and fixed abodes
for Troy’s far-exiled sons; he gave a name 250
to a new land and race; the Trojan arms
were hung on temple walls; and, to this day,
lying in perfect peace, the hero sleeps.
Virgil, Aeniad Book One
So, Virgil tells us that Antenor sailed through the sea of the Illyrians past the Liburnians and finally established his new colony at Patavium, today’s Padova / Padua in Italy. Taking the relay baton from the poets,Livy, the Roman Historian, begins his History of Rome by repeating the same old myth of Antenor, as first related by Sophocles:
Antenorem cum multitudine Enetum, qui seditione ex Paphlagonia pulsi et sedes et ducem rege Pylaemene ad Troiam amisso quaerebant, venisse in intimum maris Hadriatici sinum, Euganeisque qui inter mare Alpesque incolebant pulsis Enetos Troianosque eas tenuisse terras. Et in quem primo egressi sunt locum Troia vocatur pagoque inde Troiano nomen est: gens universa Veneti appellati.
Titus Livius, Gestorum Romanorum I.1
Antenor sailed into the furthest part of the Adriatic, accompanied by a number of Enetians who had been driven from Paphlagonia by a revolution and after losing their king Pylaemenes before Troy were looking for a settlement and a leader. The combined force of Enetians and Trojans defeated the Euganei, who dwelt between the sea and the Alps and occupied their land. The place where they disembarked was called Troy, and the name was extended to the surrounding district; the whole nation were called Veneti.
Livy, History of Rome, Book I.1
So, the myths tell us the basic founding story: Troy falls, Aeneas ends up in central Italy and establishes Roma/Rome and Antenor goes to the end of the Adriatic and establishes Patavium/Padova/Padua.
In his third point the Balkan revisionist “historian” casually informs us that “we are told that there are a number of testimonials and evidences that the ancient Veneti were the ancestors of the so called “Slavs”. (it is obvious that by using quotes when he mentions the so called “Slavs”, he insinuates that the so called “Slavs” are not really…Slavs). In a vague, imprecise and unscientific way he continues his utterly unsubstantiated ramblings: “we are told…that”…and the obvious question screams back : we are told by whom? Yet he continues unabashedly: “there are a number of testimonials and evidences”. Someone testified and forgot to tell us about it? Someone gave evidence that has since been hidden away in a double-locked drawer? Who testified? What testimonies? Where is the evidence? Are we supposed to digest what we are told, just because someone wants us to believe that: “the ancient Veneti were the ancestors of the so called “Slavs”? Are we supposed to accept the old dictum of the medieval Catholic church : “Believe and do not search!” ?
We would much rather go searching. Since there are four different instances of the word Veneti being used to describe ancient peoples, one in prehistory (Henetoi of Paphlagonia) and three in Historical times: a. the Veneti in Northern Italy, b. the Veneti of France and c. the Venedi of the Baltic Sea. Greek and Latin myths connect the Henetoi of Asia Minor and the Venetoi at the frontier of Italy and Illyria. We should never equate myth with history but we cannot discount it either without looking into the evidence if that is available. But we will come back to this issue. Let us look at the Veneti of Gaul, today’s France. In his book on the Gauls, B. Cunliffe informs us that the Veneti of Gaul were a “Maritime tribe living in the southwest of the Amorican peninsula. They were traders and acted as middlemen in shipping goods from Britain to the south. In 56 B.C.E. they rebelled against Caesar but were soundly beaten in a sea battle at Quiberon, and as a result all the leading men were executed and the rest sold as slaves.”
B. Cunliffe , The Celtic World, 1979.
The Gaelic Veneti were according to the sources a Celtic tribe. Their language was a Celtic dialect. Caesar effectively eliminated and exterminated them, through massacre and slavery, and they became extinct as a nation. No connection has ever been attested between them and the Italo-Illyrian Veneti. Trying to relate them to the Slavs, or for that matter to the Azteks or the Patagonian Indians is not going to help anyone’s case, since they became extinct anyway.
If the Italo-Illyrian Veneti were not related to the Gaelic Veneti, then what were they?
The noted University of Chicago Indo-Europeanist linguist Eric P. Hamp in one of his early works (The Relationship of Venetic within Italic, published in The American Journal of Philology, Vol.75, No.2, pp.183-186) and also in his more recent Diagram of the Indo-European languages as shown in the Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford university Press 2006) groups the Venetic language along with Latin in the Italic branch of Languages.
The Venetic language is documented in some 200 to 300 inscriptions dating from the 6th to the 1st century BC, when it was completely absorbed by Latin.
Let us look at some inscriptions, that have been used by the proponents of the Italic linguistic connection. The first inscription is from Este (Es 45):
Venetic : mego donasto sainatei reitiiai porai egeotora aimoi ke louderobos
Latin : me donavit sanatrici reitiae bonae egetora [pro]aemo liberis-que
Translation: Egetora gave me to Good Reitia the Healer on behalf of Aemus and the children
(Prosdocimi in Pellegrini 1967: 149-150)
The second inscription was found written on a situla urn at Cadore (Ca 4 Valle):
Venetic : eik goltanos doto louderai kanei
Latin : hic goltanus dedit liberae cani
Translation: Goltanus sacrificed this for the virgin Kanis
(Prosdocimi in Pellegrini 1967: 464-468)
We are not linguists here, nor do we pretend to be such, but some things are eye-popping obvious! I would definitely say that these inscriptions do not look too good for the “Slavic connection theory” folks. If nothing else, the linguistic evidence corroborates the ancient Greek myths of the Paphlagonian Henetoi/ Ενετοι and Trojan Allies who, under Antenor, followed Aeneias’ Trojans to the west and settled on different areas of Italy: one group going west and another Northeast, next to Illyria. The Myth, as we have come to expect of Greek myths by now, is not hollow poetry, it has historic substance behind it.
One more very interesting piece of linguistic evidence that came to us from the archeologist’s spade comes from a most unexpected geographic location: the village of Kaminia /
Καμινια in Lemnos/Λημνος, the North Aegean island across from Troy/ Τροια and the Dardanelles. In the prehistoric citadel of Poliochni / Πολιοχνη, a 6th ce. BC marble funerary stele was discovered ιν
1885. The letters are Greek but the inscription is another, distantly related non-Indo-European language :
The scholarly community went to work and the consensus is that it is a language closely related to Etruscan. The Etruscans are not the Eneti, but it is proven that commercial, linguistic and ethnic links existed between Troy and the area around it, Lemnos in the Aegean on the one hand and central and northern Italy on the other. This of course did not dissuade certain Turkish “scholars” from claiming that the Lemnian was a Proto-Altao-Turano-Turkic inscription, “evidence” that the Mongolian related Turks were in the Aegean circa at least the 6th c BC (almost 1800 years before they stepped their foot on Anatolia, modern Turkey, in other words).
In his well documented book “The Illyrians” , 1992, John Wilkes tells us (on page 76) that: “Enough of the language and vocabulary survives to indicate that Venetic was a northwest Indo-european dialect with several points of correspondence with Latin.” Further down, on the same page, John Wilkes gives us examples of typical Venetic names which include: Axius, Cantius, Carminius, Appuleius, Avitus, Tutor, Barbius, Boniatus, Cervius, Cusonius, Dasimius, Firmius, Laetus, Lucanus, Lucillus, Muttius, Mulvius, Oaetus, Oppius, Plaetorius, Veitor, Titius, Turus, Voltiomnos and Volumnius. Again, the Slavic connection seems to have hit the wall. It is obvious that by using a good Latin dictionary, someone could go much further in helping us decipher the original meaning of each of these names, names of the extinct language of the Veneti than using any dictionary of the Old Slavonic language. So, then how can we explain all the fuss about trying to make a connection between the south Slavs of the Balkans and the Italian Veneti?
Professor Zlatko Skrbis is the author of many books on Sociology, one of which is named: Long-distance Nationalism (1999). In a more recent study on the “The emotional historiography of Venetologists. Slovene diaspora, memory, and nationalism”, professor Zlatko Skrbis (who is himself a Slovene expatriate and a professor of Sociology in the School of Social Science at the University of Queensland, Australia), explored what he calls the “Venetological re-interpretations of Slovenes’ Origines”. In accordance to that theory, the Slovenes are not Slavic but Venetic people and indeed they alone are the autochthonous people of prehistoric Europe. It is no wonder, I am thinking, how great minds of the Balkans meet under the same nationalistic umbrella of “autochthonous” existence : The Albanians are Illyrians (though their language is proven to be derived from the Dacian of the Carpathians, north of the Danube), the Slavs of southern Yugoslavia are descendants of the ancient Macedonians of Alexander the Great, and lately some Bulgarians try to convince themselves that they are the ancient Thracians or, better yet, Iranians! Did I fail to mention that the Turks are actually modern Hittites and that Turkic genes are of course “autochthonous” to Anatolia since time immemorial? It all seems like a surreal ball masque’, where extravagant exhibition and theatrical drama is all that counts!
A Balkan circus of the traveling kind, with Thracian horsemen and Macedonian phalanghists, Hittites on chariots and proto-Slavic Veneti! A lunatic asylum, completely out of touch with reality… and why should it be? Most of the instigators of this lunacy are not even living at the scene…they are not experiencing the living hell of dire poverty and unemployment that ravages the Balkans: the ball masque’ is being held in distant Canada or Australia!
Professor Zlatko Skrbis explains that the myth of the Slovene Slavs-turned-ancient Venetoi provides the nationalistic fringe of the Slovenian nation a sense of “historical drama”.
Coming out of a miserably failed Stalinist-Titoist interpretation of Socialism, and the collapse of the Yugoslav multi-ethnic union in a bloodbath of war, genocide and foreign intervention, the Venetological re-interpretation of Slovene history is a “form of interrogation of the present and the search for a suitable past that would correspond to Slovene nationalist imaginings.” I must add that whatever is said of the Venetologists, applies like a glove to the pseudo-makedonists further south, in FYROM. Even the diaspora connection as a major force in revisionist theories of nation-creation and propagation (theories concerning the fabled identity of their people), which professor Zlatko Skrbis so vividly explains, fits the case of the Slavs-turned-Makedonski diaspora of Canada and Australia as if it was written specifically for them.
Finally we come to the Vistula Venedi.
Professor P.M. Barford’ is a British speaker of Polish and Russian among other Slavic languages, and a lecturer of Slavic Archeology in the University of Warsaw. In his recently published book (2001), “The Early Slavs” which took him over 20 years of research to write, he talks about the Vistula Venedi:
“Alongside “Sclavi” and related terms, western sources also use another name for their eastern neighbors. Some medieval western scholars applied (variants of) the name “Wends” (German Wenden) mainly for the Polabian Slavs. The concept had appeared by the time of Fredegar, who uses it (IV.68) in 660, and is also used by Boniface (in a letter of 746/7). It also appears in the Annales Bertiniani of the 860’s and several other ninth-century sources. This generic term derived from bookish traditions when written in Latin. Antique sources (including Tacitus in his Germania) referred to the people living to the east of the Germans as the Venedi, and this term was obviously reused by monkish chroniclers to describe the peoples beyond the expanding frontiers of the Frankish kingdom.”
In other words, we cannot base connections of a similarity of a name because this does not in any way constitute a proof, and the historical record especially of the middle ages needs to be taken with a critical and analytical approach and not as the word of the bible.
The local proponents of the theory that “since the Veneti are “Slavs” and the ancient Macedonians were of a “common ethno-cultural background” (historically they had never even met, and there is not a single proof that they even knew of each others existence), therefore, they exclaim in poppy-eyed delirious revelation:
“the so called “Slavs” should practically have common ethno-cultural background with the Macedonians!”
Aleksandar Donski, as above.
Perfect! A total and utter collapse of any semblance of logic, and a brutal assassination of History, in other words: Since the Macedonians were somehow and in an imaginary way supposedly and possibly related to the Veneti and since the Veneti of Asia Minor who went to Italy and Illyria were possibly and maybe according to who knows whose testimonials “Slavs”, therefore the ancient Macedonians were OF COURSE “Slavs”!
Reductio ad absurdum in perfectio!
Since black is red and red is yellow, therefore purple is green! Whom are they trying to convince?!
Having gone through the cycle of the Slavs that prefer to be called “so called “Slavs”", let us now remember where we originally started from: Attas, we were told is supposed to be a name that contains the noun “at” which in the “Old Slavic language” (their quotes) meant a horse. And they go on to tell us that the ancient Macedonians were great horsemen and horses were important to them. I suppose we do know about the horsemanship of the ancient Macedonians already: both Philip and Alexander always gave the coup de grace through their cavalry, using it as a hammer to give the blow, while the Macedonian phalanx was always being used as the anvil.
A favorite name among Macedonians was Philippos/Φιλιππος, a Greek name (like ALL the Macedonian names) for “the one who loves horses”. It is a name that is derived from Philos/φιλος meaning a friend, one who loves, and Hippos/ιππος
a horse, in Greek.
Words like philosopher, philology, philatelic, Philadelphia, philander, philanthropist, philarmonic, etc all have philos as their first part. Words like hippodrome, hippopotamus, hippocampus and Hippocratic (oath), all have the word hippos as a contributing part. Other Greek names ending in -ippos include Alkippos/Ἄ̣λ̣κι̣π̣πος, Ippostratos/Ἱππόστρατος, Kallippos/Κάλλιππος, Lexippos/Ἀλέξιππος, Xanthippos/Ξάνθιππος (the father of Pericles), Hippostratos/Ἱππόστρατος, Euippos/Εὔιππος, Poseidippos/Ποσείδιππος, Phaenippos/Φαίνιπ̣π̣ος and many others.
Now lets us again look at the words which mean horse in various Slavic languages and they all seem to have variables of конь / коњ
/ konj / koń / kôň, etc.
Why then are we told that “At” means horse in the “old slavic language”? Why are we even given the example of the old Bulgarian name Asparuch, which we are told means “speedy horse” in Slavic?
Unfortunately, this is what happens when one confusion is piled on top of another and folk etymology overstretches its narrow limits. Let us start with the last: It is known that the Bulgarians, before their descent into the Balkans, were not a Slavic people. Asparuch is far from being a Slavic name, by any stretch of imagination. It is an Iranian name of a Turkic Khan of the Pontic steppes, by the Volga (from which the Bulgarians most probably get their ethnic name). We need to remind ourselves that unlike the Slavs who settled in the Illyrian lands, in what later became Croatia, Serbia, Bosnia etc, and the the ones who settled in Macedonia in the areas north of Thessaloniki, and in historic Paeonia, in modern FYROM, the original Bulgarians were not Slavs at all.
The Bulgars were a Turkic nation that moved into Byzantine Thrace, crossing the Danube when Constantinople was under siege by the Arabs, in the 7th century AD. They allied themselves with the early Slavs of the area and moved together into the lands of the Eastern Roman empire. The Turkic speaking Bulgars were later completely assimilated culturally and linguistically by the numerically superior surrounding Slavs, producing the nation of the Bulgarians. The Greek speaking populations continued living in cities along the Black sea and in the Thracian plain around Philipoupolis, the area that was later to be called Eastern Romylia), until the beginning of the 20th century, and the Latin speaking populations moved north of the Danube and joined the ones who later formed the modern nation of Romania.
Coming now back to Asparuch, searching for its etymology we discover that the first part of his name is “aspa”, meaning horse in Iranian and it is followed by “rauk”, meaning shine, also in Iranian, from which the Turks had borrowed extensively to enrich their poor nomadic vocabulary. Asparuch is a hundred percent Iranian name, borrowed by the Turkic speaking Bulgarians from the Persians. It has nothing in common with any Slavic language.
What about “At”? “At”-meaning-horse is not Slavic either, unfortunately, as we could have guessed. No such word for horse exists in any Slavic language, except as borrowed by some of the south Slavs from the Turks during the centuries long Ottoman occupation of the Balkan peninsula. “At” is purely a Turkish word. “At” is one horse, in singular form and “Atlar” many horses, in the plural, in Turkish. In Mongolian it appears as адуу
/Aduu, which is closely related linguistically to the Turkish word for horse “At” (the original land of the Turks, before they spread into the central Asian steppes and into the middle East and Anatolia, was indeed Mongolia).
We have established that the ancient name Attas has no relation with neither horses nor “Slavs”, at least not in the way it was presented to us above. Let us then search further for its true etymology. Our Indo-European lexicons tells us that the Indo-European root word is *átta and it means: father. It is a synonym of the *ph₂tḗr from which the English word Father is derrived but also the Latin Pater and the Greek Pater/Πατηρ. Attas/Αττας as father appears in most Indo-European languages. From Hittite attas and Lydian Ata, to Celtic *attyo, Gothic atta and Old Irish aite. Attas as father also appears in Albanian as at, in Ossetian as æда (æda, for “grandfather”), In Slavonic as *otьcь / otjs, in Old Church Slavonic as отьць / otjtsj, modern Serbian and Croatian as otac, in Czech as otec and in Polish as ojciec. In Bulgarian, Russian and Slavo-makedonian attas the father appears as отец / otets, but we also find it in Latin as attas and in Greek as attas / ἄττας.
Attas or Atta appears as a name in several Indo-European languages. Attas according to L. Zgusta (Kleinasiatische Personennamen. Prague 1964 105-108) is a typical Anatolian name, attested in the Hittite language as Atta, in Lydian as Atas and in the Phrygian language also as Atas. In Both Greek and Latin Attas / Αττας
means father.
In the first century AD there is mention of a Latin dramatic Poet whose poetic work has only survived in small fragments: Titus Quinctius Atta. His name proves that Atta was also used by the Latins as a personal name.
The Militian colony of Olbe/Ολβη was built on the northern shores of the Black Sea, by the river Hypanis/Υπανις /Southern Bug, between Borysthenes / Βορυσθενης / Dnieper to the east and Tyras /Τυρας/ Dniester, just west of the Taurike/Ταυρικη
/Crimean peninsula, where today is the town of Parutino, in southern Ukraine.
It is from Olbia that the following inscription comes to us:
Regions : North Shore of the Black Sea
I.Olbia 87, N. Black Sea — Olbia: Berezan Isl.
ἀγαθῆι τύχηι].
Ἀχιλλεῖ] Ποντάρχηι
οἱ π]ερὶ Δαδακον Ἱ[ε]ρο-
σῶντος τὸ [βʹ στρατηγοί]·
Μο[υγισαγος Ασανου Α
]-
μω[σπαδος Ἀχιλλέος, Θυσ
]-
κῆς Δ[άδου, Αττας Σωμά]-
χου, Μ[ητρόδωρος Πραξι
]-
άνακ[τος, χαριστήριον]
ἐπὶ ἀ[ρχόντων τῶν περὶ]
Ἱεροσ[ῶντα Ἐπικράτους
].
Alongside such typical Greek names as Achileus, Dadakos, Metrodoros, Hieroson, Epikrates and Praxianax, in the seventh line from the top, we also read the name :
Attas Somachou/Αττας Σωμάχου/ Attas son of Somachos.
Attas, as clearly proven from this inscription, was also used as a proper first name among Greeks
Tuesday, 28 April 2009
Boycott "Diana" tissue paper products
Η χαρτοβιομηχανία Θράκης έχει αναγνωρίσει τα Σκόπια ως "Μακεδονία"
... Η χαρτοβιομηχανία Θράκης Diana έχει αναγνωρίσει τα Σκόπια ως "Μακεδονία" . Τα αρχικά που βλέπετε στα αριστερά αντιστοιχούν στις χώρες. Το ΜΚ είναι για τα Σκόπια ως "Μακεδονία". ...
Μποϋκοτάρετε τα προϊόντα της συγκεκριμένης εταιρείας! Στείλτε επίσης e-mail διαμαρτυρίας στο sales@diana.gr που μπορείτε να δείτε και παρακάτω. 'Η θα σταματήσουν αυτή την χυδαιότητα που διαπράττουν με μοναδικό σκοπό το κέρδος ή να μετακομίσουν στα Σκόπια και να πουλάνε στους Σκοπιανούς τα προϊόντα τους. Κατακλύστε τους με e-mail. Κάντε τους βούκινο!
Χρησιμοποιείτε Yahoo!
... Η χαρτοβιομηχανία Θράκης Diana έχει αναγνωρίσει τα Σκόπια ως "Μακεδονία" . Τα αρχικά που βλέπετε στα αριστερά αντιστοιχούν στις χώρες. Το ΜΚ είναι για τα Σκόπια ως "Μακεδονία". ...
Μποϋκοτάρετε τα προϊόντα της συγκεκριμένης εταιρείας! Στείλτε επίσης e-mail διαμαρτυρίας στο sales@diana.gr που μπορείτε να δείτε και παρακάτω. 'Η θα σταματήσουν αυτή την χυδαιότητα που διαπράττουν με μοναδικό σκοπό το κέρδος ή να μετακομίσουν στα Σκόπια και να πουλάνε στους Σκοπιανούς τα προϊόντα τους. Κατακλύστε τους με e-mail. Κάντε τους βούκινο!
Χρησιμοποιείτε Yahoo!
Wednesday, 22 April 2009
PROMETHEIA 2009
The top event of the ancient Greek spirit
Three-day events on Olympus (19,20 & 21/06/09)
The Prometheia festival is the top event highlighting the ancient Greek spirit. Inspired and realised by the Stockholm University Professor of Philosophy, Tryphon Olympios, it has now gained the status of a pan-Hellenic institution, as it now enters their 14th year of continuous presence.
A multitude of visitors for Greece and abroad gather every year at the fabulous natural surroundings of the Prometheus bosket at the foot of Mount Olympus to exchange opinions, honour the ancient philosophers (Friday, day one of the festival), to breathe the refreshing air of the countryside, to camp setting their tents and many of them to spend the night talking and stargazing on the Mountain of the Gods. And of course, to get initiated to our ancestral spirit by watching the events of the Promethean drama and the Promethean fire that have been the cornerstone of the Greek worldview and the Greek culture. These events (Saturday night, day two of the festival) attract thousands of visitors due to the deep emotional and mystical atmosphere they invoke. Following the main event is a Dionysian celebration until late in the night. On Sunday morning (day three of the festival) cleansing, names-giving and marital ceremonies take place, according to the rituals of the Greek pre-Christian tradition.
This year’s Prometheia will take place on the 19, 20 and 21th of June 2009. During these three-day events, representatives of organisations or individuals from every corner of the world, who consider themselves to be spiritual descendants of the Greek culture and the Greek civilization, are welcome.
It will be our pleasure if you honour these events with your presence. Those not wishing to camp, that would rather stay in a hotel, could contact us to send them a full list of the area`s hotels so they can book in time.
In every case, let this invitation be the initiative for a further acquaintance and strengthening of our relationships, of all those who are interested in the re-association of the modern world and of mankind to the values, the culture and the ethos that the Greek philosophy and worldview represented. A re-association that is necessary, we believe, for the creation of a future society based on virtue and knowledge, and for a universal Human, one of freedom, one of creation and one that honours our species.
Monday, 13 April 2009
Mr Konstantinos Karamanlis. A great Greek traitor. ΣΥΝΘΕΤΗ ΟΝΟΜΑΣΙΑ ΖΗΤΗΣΕ Ο ΠΡΩΘΥΠΟΥΡΓΟΣ ΣΤΗΝ ΑΡΙΔΑΙΑ
ΕΠΙΤΡΟΠΗ ΜΑΚΕΔΟΝΙΚΟΥ ΑΓΩΝΑ
ΜΕ ΤΗ ΣΥΜΜΕΤΟΧΗ ΤΟΥ ΠΑΝΕΛΛΗΝΙΟΥ ΣΥΛΛΟΓΟΥ ΜΑΚΕΔΟΝΟΜΑΧΩΝ «ΠΑΥΛΟΣ
ΜΕΛΑΣ», ΤΟΥ ΗΛΕΚΤΡΟΝΙΚΟΥ ΔΙΚΤΥΟΥ «ΝΟΙΑΖΟΜΑΙ.net», ΤΗΣ ΠΟΛΙΤΙΣΤΙΚΗΣ ΕΤΑΙΡΙΑΣ «ΜΑΚΕΔΝΟΣ», ΤΗΣ ΟΜΟΣΠΟΝΔΙΑΣ ΠΑΜΜΑΚΕΔΟΝΙΚΩΝ ΕΝΩΣΕΩΝ ΑΥΣΤΡΑΛΙΑΣ, ΤΗΣ ΠΑΜΜΑΚΕΔΟΝΙΚΗΣ ΕΝΩΣΕΩΣ ΑΜΕΡΙΚΗΣ, ΤΗΣ ΠΑΜΜΑΚΕΔΟΝΙΚΗΣ ΕΝΩΣΕΩΣ ΚΑΝΑΔΑ, ΤΗΣ ΟΜΟΣΠΟΝΔΙΑΣ ΠΑΜΜΑΚΕΔΟΝΙΚΩΝ ΕΝΩΣΕΩΝ ΕΥΡΩΠΗΣ, ΤΗΣ ΠΑΜΜΑΚΕΔΟΝΙΚΗΣ ΕΝΩΣΕΩΣ ΑΦΡΙΚΗΣ, ΤΗΣ ΚΙΝΗΣΗΣ ΠΟΛΙΤΩΝ ΓΙΑ ΤΗ ΜΑΚΕΔΟΝΙΑ
ΑΝΑΚΟΙΝΩΣΗ ΤΥΠΟΥ
Μακεδονία, 12 Απριλίου 2009 μ.Χ.
ΜΑΚΕΔΟΝΙΚΗ ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ ΣΤΟΝ κ. ΚΑΡΑΜΑΝΛΗ
«Όταν μιλάω για αμοιβαία αποδεκτή λύση, σας απαντώ ευθέως ότι, ναι, εννοώ σύνθετη ονομασία»!
Ντόρα Μπακογιάννη
Καθημερινή, 14/10/2007
http://news.kathimerini.gr/4dcgi/_w_articles_politics_1_14/10/2007_245171
Την όμορφη Αριδαία της Πέλλας διάλεξε ο Πρωθυπουργός για να επαναλάβει μέσα στην ατόφια καρδιά της Μακεδονίας, την απαράδεκτη, αιρετική και υποχωρητική πρόταση της «Σύνθετης Ονομασίας», θέση που για πρώτη φορά παρουσίασε σε συνέντευξή της η Υπουργός Εξωτερικών στην Καθημερινή, στις 14 Οκτωβρίου 2007, ανήμερα του επίσημου εορτασμού του Μακεδονικού Αγώνα…
Παραβιάζοντας την ιστορική απόφαση των Πολιτικών Αρχηγών το 1992, υπό την Προεδρία του θείου του Κωνσταντίνου Καραμανλή και του επίσης ανένδοτου Ανδρέα Παπανδρέου, ο σημερινός Πρωθυπουργός πληγώνει τη Μακεδονία και τους Μακεδόνες και ανατρέπει την πάγια εθνική πολιτική, για μη αναγνώριση των Σκοπίων με οποιαδήποτε ονομασία «Μακεδονία», που ισχύει από την κομμουνιστική ανακήρυξη του νέου ονόματος του Ομόσπονδου Γιουγκοσλαβικού Κρατιδίου της Βαρντάρσκα στα 1944, από τον Τίτο!!!
«Η Ελλάδα θα αναγνωρίσει ανεξάρτητο κράτος των Σκοπίων μόνον εάν τηρηθούν και οι τρεις όροι που έθεσε η ΕΟΚ στις 16 Δεκεμβρίου '91 με την αυτονόητη διευκρίνιση ότι στο όνομα του κράτους αυτού δεν θα υπάρχει η λέξη “Μακεδονία”»!
Ανακοινωθέν Συμβουλίου Πολιτικών Αρχηγών, δια του Πρέσβεως Πέτρου Μολυβιάτη,
13 Απριλίου 1992
ΚΩΣΤΑΣ ΚΑΡΑΜΑΝΛΗΣ:
ΝΑΙ ΣΤΗ ΣΥΝΘΕΤΗ ΟΝΟΜΑΣΙΑ
Συγκεκριμένα είπε κατά λέξη ο Πρωθυπουργός στην Αριδαία (11/4/2009):
«Το διαβατήριο για τους ευρωατλαντικούς θεσμούς απαιτεί ένα σύνθετο όνομα με γεωγραφικό προσδιορισμό που θα ισχύει έναντι όλων. Και η ευθύνη για το διαβατήριο αυτό ανήκει στα Σκόπια».
ΚΩΝΣΤΑΝΤΙΝΟΣ ΚΑΡΑΜΑΝΛΗΣ:
ΟΧΙ ΣΤΗ ΣΥΝΘΕΤΗ ΟΝΟΜΑΣΙΑ
«Σύνθετη Ονομασία», όμως σημαίνει ονομασία που θα εμπεριέχει τον πανάρχαιο ελληνικό όρο «Μακεδονία»! Κάτι που είναι αδιανόητο και ιστορικά και εθνολογικά ανυπόστατο, παράλογο και απαράδεκτο, όπως τόνιζε σε σχετική επιστολή του ο αείμνηστος Κωνσταντίνος Καραμανλής προς τους Ευρωπαίους Ηγέτες, στις 3/1/1992!
«Η αναγνώριση της αυτοαποκαλούμενης "Δημοκρατίας της Μακεδονίας" έχει θεμελιώδη σημασία για την Ελλάδα και το γνωρίζω καλύτερα από κάθε άλλον αφού είμαι ο ίδιος Μακεδών. Η Δημοκρατία αυτή δεν έχει δικαίωμα ούτε εθνολογικά, ούτε ιστορικά να λέγεται Μακεδονία»!
«Η εθνολογική σύνθεση του πληθυσμού της χώρας αυτής αποτελείται από Αλβανούς, Τούρκους, Τσιγγάνους και Σλάβους, που καμία σχέση δεν έχουν με Μακεδόνες»!
«Είναι αδιανόητο με την λήξη του Ψυχρού Πολέμου να δίδεται ιστορική νομιμοποίηση σε Τίτο και Μόσχα που ονόμασαν την Νότιο Γιουγκοσλαβία σε Μακεδονία προς έξοδο στο Αιγαίο, αποσπώντας την Μακεδονία από την Ελλάδα».
Ο αείμνηστος Πρόεδρος Κωνσταντίνος Καραμανλής στην επιστολή του προς τους 15 ηγέτες της ΕΟΚ, 3/1/1992
ΓΙΑΤΙ ΕΙΝΑΙ ΑΠΟΛΥΤΑ ΕΠΙΚΙΝΔΥΝΟ ΤΟ
«ΑΝΩ ΜΑΚΕΔΟΝΙΑ»
Σημειώνουμε, ότι π.χ. η σύνθετη ονομασία «ΑΝΩ ΜΑΚΕΔΟΝΙΑ» είναι επιπλέον απαράδεκτη και απόλυτα επικίνδυνη, διότι αποτελεί σαφή αρχαίο, ελληνικό γεωγραφικό προσδιορισμό των περιοχών Γρεβενών, Καστοριάς, Φλώρινας και Κοζάνης από τους Ιστορικούς Ηρόδοτο και Θουκυδίδη! Πράγμα που σημαίνει πως εάν την αποδώσουμε στα Σκόπια, τους δίδουμε το «ιστορικό» δικαίωμα να επικαλούνται τη μελλοντική προσάρτηση των εν λόγω περιοχών της Δυτικής μας Μακεδονίας, επικαλούμενοι τους …αρχαίους Έλληνες Συγγραφείς!
ΓΙΑΤΙ ΕΙΝΑΙ ΔΙΕΘΝΩΣ ΚΑΤΟΧΥΡΩΜΕΝΟ ΤΟ
ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΟ «ΒΟΡΕΙΑ ΜΑΚΕΔΟΝΙΑ»
Από την άλλη πάλι, το «Βόρεια Μακεδονία», είναι επίσης απόλυτα ελληνικό όνομα, διεθνώς δηλωμένο και κατοχυρωμένο, όπως προκύπτει από τα επίσημα Υπομνήματα της Επιτροπής Αλυτρώτων Βορείου Ελλάδος, με τίτλο «Η ΑΛΥΤΡΩΤΟΣ ΒΟΡΕΙΑ ΜΑΚΕΔΟΝΙΑ» και υπότιτλο «ΕΚΚΛΗΣΙΣ ΑΛΥΤΡΩΤΩΝ ΒΟΡΕΙΟΥ ΜΑΚΕΔΟΝΙΑΣ, προς τους Δημοκρατικούς Λαούς των Ηνωμένων Εθνών, Συμμάχων του Ελληνισμού κατά τον τελευταίον πόλεμον», Θεσσαλονίκη 1946!!!
Το Υπόμνημα αυτό του 1946, κατοχυρώνει ως ελληνική και την ονομασία «Βόρεια Μακεδονία» αποδεικνύοντας ότι σε μεγάλο μέρος του σημερινού κρατιδίου των Σκοπίων κατοικούσαν Έλληνες και όχι εθνικά «μακεδόνες», οι οποίοι Έλληνες και αντιμετώπισαν τρομακτικές διώξεις και γενοκτονίες!
Σημειώνεται δε ότι οι σημερινοί Έλληνες των Σκοπίων φτάνουν τις 240.000 ψυχές και αποτελούν τη δεύτερη μεγαλύτερη μετά τους Αλβανούς, εθνική μειονότητα του Κρατιδίου!
Η τυχόν παράδοση λοιπόν της ονομασίας «Βόρεια Μακεδονία» στα Σκόπια, όχι μόνο θα νομιμοποιούσε την δήθεν ύπαρξη «μακεδονικού έθνους» που κατοικεί στη «Βόρεια Μακεδονία», όχι μόνο θα παρέγραπτε οριστικά τα νόμιμα δικαιώματα των αληθινών και μόνων Βορειομακεδόνων, της ελληνικής δηλαδή εθνικής μειονότητας των Σκοπίων, αλλά και θα εξουδετέρωνε τον πιο σημαντικό μοχλό ξεσκεπάσματος του Σκοπιανισμού, ο οποίος καταπιέζει μια τεράστια ελληνική μειονότητα εκεί, υφαρπάζοντας το όνομα και την ταυτότητά της, προκειμένου να την αφομοιώσει και να την εξαφανίσει, για να διεκδικήσει στη συνέχεια ανενόχλητα και το ελληνικό γειτονικό έδαφος, θέτοντας την ίδια ώρα θέματα «περιουσίων», «αποζημιώσεων» και «μειονοτήτων» μέσα στην Ελλάδα!
Με άλλα λόγια, τα Σκόπια σήμερα το μόνο που φοβούνται, είναι η έγερση και πολιτική οργάνωση του μόνου πληθυσμιακού κομματιού που δικαιούται να αποκαλείται «Μακεδόνες=Έλληνες», επειδή ακριβώς η επίσημη εμφάνισή του σαν ΜΑΚΕΔΟΝΕΣ=Έλληνες, θα συντρίψει μια για πάντα τους ψευδομακεδόνες =Σκοπιανούς!!!
Επομένως η παράδοση του Βόρεια Μακεδονία, σημαίνει παράδοση της αιώνιας ελληνικής ταυτότητας των Βορειομακεδόνων, δηλαδή της καθοριστικής Ελληνικής Μειονότητας των Σκοπίων, όταν η Βουλγαρία από την άλλη μεριά είναι γνωστό ότι ασκεί σαφή και εκτεταμένη προπαγάνδα προσεταιρισμού μεγάλου μέρους των Σκοπιανών, για κάθε μελλοντική εκμετάλλευση… Για κάθε μελλοντική νέα Βαλκανική Συνθήκη…
Είναι επείγουσα άρα ανάγκη, όχι μόνο η υπεράσπιση του «Βόρεια Μακεδονία», αλλά και η επίσημη ενεργοποίηση από την Αθήνα του δικαιώματος και του ενδιαφέροντός της για την Ελληνική Μειονότητα των Σκοπίων! Τους θρυλικούς Βορειομακεδόνες, συμπεριλαμβανομένων των χιλιάδων αθώων Ελληνόπουλων που είχαν οδηγηθεί στα χρόνια του εμφυλίου στη Γιουγκοσλαβία και διατηρούν σήμερα, τουλάχιστον τα 2/3 αυτών, τη μαρτυρική ελληνική τους συνείδηση!
ΤΙ ΣΗΜΑΙΝΕΙ ΤΟ ΝΑ ΕΙΣΑΙ ΜΑΚΕΔΟΝΑΣ
Ο νυν Πρωθυπουργός Κώστας Καραμανλής, παρακάτω στην ίδια ομιλία του στην Αριδαία, μετά την εκτόξευση της απαράδεκτης «Σύνθετης Ονομασίας», αυτοπροβλήθηκε σαν «Μακεδόνας», χωρίς δάκρυα και συγνώμη, λέγοντας:
«Η ιστορία δεν παραχαράσσεται, δεν παραγράφεται, δεν ξαναγράφεται. Ως Μακεδόνας και ο ίδιος το επιβεβαιώνω ότι αυτό δεν γίνεται»…
Πράγματι δε γίνεται! Αλλά το να είσαι Μακεδόνας, δηλαδή Έλληνας της Μακεδονίας, σημαίνει πάνω από όλα ότι δεν δέχεσαι να μοιραστείς το όνομα και την ιστορία σου με τους σφετεριστές των Σκοπίων!
Σημαίνει ότι σέβεσαι το Μακεδονικό Αγώνα και τον συνεχίζεις «τοις κείνων ρήμασι πειθόμενος»!
Σημαίνει ότι αντιδράς όταν ξένες δυνάμεις επισφραγίζουν την παραχάραξη, επενδύοντας σε μελλοντική διεκδίκηση επί τους εδάφους της Βόρειας Ελλάδας, με όχημα την ονομασία!
Σημαίνει ότι δεν δίνεις το όνομα της πατρίδας σου!
Δεν ενδίδεις! Δεν υποχωρείς! Δεν υποκύπτεις! Ζεις, αναπνέεις και πεθαίνεις για ιδανικά και αξίες πολύ μεγαλύτερες από ένα κόμμα και μια προσωρινή θέση!
Ζεις, παλεύεις και πεθαίνεις σαν Μακεδόνας! Σαν ασυμβίβαστος Έλληνας!
Δεν προσφέρεις το όνομα με σύνθετη, προσχηματική ονομασία στα Σκόπια και την Τουρκία σύμμαχό τους!
ΔΕΝ ΑΝΟΙΓΕΙΣ ΤΗΝ ΚΕΡΚΟΠΟΡΤΑ μελλοντικών διεκδικήσεων κατά της Ελλάδος!
Δεν δίνεις το Υπουργείο Εξωτερικών σε εκείνους που θεωρούν εκ των προτέρων «χαμένο» τον αγώνα, αλλά ακολουθείς τον ασυμβίβαστο δρόμο των Κωνσταντίνου Καραμανλή και Ανδρέα Παπανδρέου στο Σκοπιανικό, που ήξεραν πολύ καλά, ότι «το όνομα είναι το όχημα του αλυτρωτισμού»! Και γι΄ αυτό απέρριπταν κάθε σύνθετη ονομασία που θα εμπεριείχε τον όρο «Μακεδονία»!
ΕΘΝΙΚΟ ΔΑΚΡΥ – ΕΘΝΙΚΟ ΔΟΓΜΑ
Και αν δεν έχεις δάκρυα, προφέροντας το ιερό όνομα της Μακεδονίας μας, τότε ας θυμάσαι τα δικά του! Τα δάκρυα του αείμνηστου και αληθινού Μακεδόνα Προέδρου, που το 1992, κατά την άφιξή του στο Αεροδρόμιο «Μακεδονία» είχε πει λόγια που σημάδεψαν ανεξίτηλα τη μακεδονική γη:
«Να καταλάβουν επιτέλους, ότι δεν υπάρχει παρά ΜΙΑ ΜΑΚΕΔΟΝΙΑ! Και η ΜΑΚΕΔΟΝΙΑ αυτή είναι ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΗ»!!!
«Μία Μακεδονία» σημαίνει καμία άλλη! Καμία «Άνω», «Βόρεια», «Νέα» «Μακεδονία»! Καμία «Σύνθετη Μακεδονία»! Και αυτό αποτελεί Εθνικό Δόγμα και παγκόσμια αξίωση του απανταχού Ελληνισμού!
Οι παραβάτες αυτού το Δόγματος, δεν δικαιούνται να λέγονται Μακεδόνες!
ΤΑ «ΑΚΡΑ» ΠΟΥ ΣΤΗΡΙΖΟΥΝ ΤΟΝ ΚΑΡΑΜΑΝΛΗ ΤΗΣ ΣΥΝΘΕΤΗΣ ΟΝΟΜΑΣΙΑΣ…
Και από την άλλη, δεν δικαιούνται να ισχυρίζονται πως αγωνίζονται για τη «Μακεδονία», οι στυλοβάτες του Πρωθυπουργού, τα «άκρα» στήριξής του, που διαρκώς δηλώνουν κοινοβουλευτικά, δημόσια και ιδιωτικά την υποστήριξη και τη συμπαράστασή τους στον Καραμανλή, ο οποίος όμως ευθύνεται τελικά και συντηρεί την αδιέξοδη, επιζήμια και απαράδεκτη πολιτική της «Σύνθετης Ονομασίας» για τα Σκόπια!
Ο ΝΕΟΣ ΠΑΛΜΟΣ
Η ΜΑΚΕΔΟΝΙΑ, είναι μεγάλη ιδέα! Για μεγάλες καρδιές, που αγωνίζονται με αγνότητα και αγάπη, με πατριωτισμό και όχι εθνικισμό! Με ανιδιοτέλεια και όχι μικροκομματισμό! Με περηφάνια και όχι με φόβο! Με καμάρι και όχι με ντροπή! Με φωνή ηχηρή και όχι με σιγή! Με εντιμότητα και όχι με διγλωσσία! Με παλικαριά και όχι με δολοπλοκίες!
Ο κοινός χτύπος τους, συνιστά πια εθνικό παλμό, που είναι αδύνατον πλέον να τον παραβλέψει κανείς! Πολύ περισσότερο που ο γιγάντιος αυτός παλμός εξελίσσεται σε Πολιτικό Εθνικό Παλμό, απαιτώντας συγκεκριμένες πολιτικές και λύσεις για τα μεγάλα και μικρά προβλήματα του Ελληνισμού και την αξιοπρέπεια της χώρας! Και σαφώς καμία απολύτως παραχώρηση του ελληνικού όρου «Μακεδονία» και των παραγώγων!
Εάν η Κυβέρνηση, η Αντιπολίτευση, τα Κόμματα, οι Πολιτικοί δεν συντονιστούν με τον Παλμό αυτό, σύντομα θα κληθούν να τον αντιμετωπίσουν όχι πλέον σαν ένα αόριστο κοινωνικό ρεύμα, αλλά σαν μια μεγάλη, οργανωμένη και πανίσχυρη Πολιτική Δύναμη, όπου θα συμμετέχουν από κοινού όλοι μαζί αδερφωμένοι οι ποιοτικοί και αξιοπρεπείς Έλληνες και του Εξωτερικού και του Εσωτερικού!
Ο δε Πρωθυπουργός, έχει μια τελευταία ευκαιρία. Να απομακρύνει τις επόμενες ώρες την Υπουργό Εξωτερικών και την πολιτική της και δεύτερον να ζητήσει δημόσια συγνώμη από τον Μακεδονικό Ελληνισμό για τη «σύνθετη» προσβολή του!
Πριν να είναι πολύ αργά…
ΜΕ ΤΗ ΣΥΜΜΕΤΟΧΗ ΤΟΥ ΠΑΝΕΛΛΗΝΙΟΥ ΣΥΛΛΟΓΟΥ ΜΑΚΕΔΟΝΟΜΑΧΩΝ «ΠΑΥΛΟΣ
ΜΕΛΑΣ», ΤΟΥ ΗΛΕΚΤΡΟΝΙΚΟΥ ΔΙΚΤΥΟΥ «ΝΟΙΑΖΟΜΑΙ.net», ΤΗΣ ΠΟΛΙΤΙΣΤΙΚΗΣ ΕΤΑΙΡΙΑΣ «ΜΑΚΕΔΝΟΣ», ΤΗΣ ΟΜΟΣΠΟΝΔΙΑΣ ΠΑΜΜΑΚΕΔΟΝΙΚΩΝ ΕΝΩΣΕΩΝ ΑΥΣΤΡΑΛΙΑΣ, ΤΗΣ ΠΑΜΜΑΚΕΔΟΝΙΚΗΣ ΕΝΩΣΕΩΣ ΑΜΕΡΙΚΗΣ, ΤΗΣ ΠΑΜΜΑΚΕΔΟΝΙΚΗΣ ΕΝΩΣΕΩΣ ΚΑΝΑΔΑ, ΤΗΣ ΟΜΟΣΠΟΝΔΙΑΣ ΠΑΜΜΑΚΕΔΟΝΙΚΩΝ ΕΝΩΣΕΩΝ ΕΥΡΩΠΗΣ, ΤΗΣ ΠΑΜΜΑΚΕΔΟΝΙΚΗΣ ΕΝΩΣΕΩΣ ΑΦΡΙΚΗΣ, ΤΗΣ ΚΙΝΗΣΗΣ ΠΟΛΙΤΩΝ ΓΙΑ ΤΗ ΜΑΚΕΔΟΝΙΑ
ΑΝΑΚΟΙΝΩΣΗ ΤΥΠΟΥ
Μακεδονία, 12 Απριλίου 2009 μ.Χ.
ΜΑΚΕΔΟΝΙΚΗ ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ ΣΤΟΝ κ. ΚΑΡΑΜΑΝΛΗ
«Όταν μιλάω για αμοιβαία αποδεκτή λύση, σας απαντώ ευθέως ότι, ναι, εννοώ σύνθετη ονομασία»!
Ντόρα Μπακογιάννη
Καθημερινή, 14/10/2007
http://news.kathimerini.gr/4dcgi/_w_articles_politics_1_14/10/2007_245171
Την όμορφη Αριδαία της Πέλλας διάλεξε ο Πρωθυπουργός για να επαναλάβει μέσα στην ατόφια καρδιά της Μακεδονίας, την απαράδεκτη, αιρετική και υποχωρητική πρόταση της «Σύνθετης Ονομασίας», θέση που για πρώτη φορά παρουσίασε σε συνέντευξή της η Υπουργός Εξωτερικών στην Καθημερινή, στις 14 Οκτωβρίου 2007, ανήμερα του επίσημου εορτασμού του Μακεδονικού Αγώνα…
Παραβιάζοντας την ιστορική απόφαση των Πολιτικών Αρχηγών το 1992, υπό την Προεδρία του θείου του Κωνσταντίνου Καραμανλή και του επίσης ανένδοτου Ανδρέα Παπανδρέου, ο σημερινός Πρωθυπουργός πληγώνει τη Μακεδονία και τους Μακεδόνες και ανατρέπει την πάγια εθνική πολιτική, για μη αναγνώριση των Σκοπίων με οποιαδήποτε ονομασία «Μακεδονία», που ισχύει από την κομμουνιστική ανακήρυξη του νέου ονόματος του Ομόσπονδου Γιουγκοσλαβικού Κρατιδίου της Βαρντάρσκα στα 1944, από τον Τίτο!!!
«Η Ελλάδα θα αναγνωρίσει ανεξάρτητο κράτος των Σκοπίων μόνον εάν τηρηθούν και οι τρεις όροι που έθεσε η ΕΟΚ στις 16 Δεκεμβρίου '91 με την αυτονόητη διευκρίνιση ότι στο όνομα του κράτους αυτού δεν θα υπάρχει η λέξη “Μακεδονία”»!
Ανακοινωθέν Συμβουλίου Πολιτικών Αρχηγών, δια του Πρέσβεως Πέτρου Μολυβιάτη,
13 Απριλίου 1992
ΚΩΣΤΑΣ ΚΑΡΑΜΑΝΛΗΣ:
ΝΑΙ ΣΤΗ ΣΥΝΘΕΤΗ ΟΝΟΜΑΣΙΑ
Συγκεκριμένα είπε κατά λέξη ο Πρωθυπουργός στην Αριδαία (11/4/2009):
«Το διαβατήριο για τους ευρωατλαντικούς θεσμούς απαιτεί ένα σύνθετο όνομα με γεωγραφικό προσδιορισμό που θα ισχύει έναντι όλων. Και η ευθύνη για το διαβατήριο αυτό ανήκει στα Σκόπια».
ΚΩΝΣΤΑΝΤΙΝΟΣ ΚΑΡΑΜΑΝΛΗΣ:
ΟΧΙ ΣΤΗ ΣΥΝΘΕΤΗ ΟΝΟΜΑΣΙΑ
«Σύνθετη Ονομασία», όμως σημαίνει ονομασία που θα εμπεριέχει τον πανάρχαιο ελληνικό όρο «Μακεδονία»! Κάτι που είναι αδιανόητο και ιστορικά και εθνολογικά ανυπόστατο, παράλογο και απαράδεκτο, όπως τόνιζε σε σχετική επιστολή του ο αείμνηστος Κωνσταντίνος Καραμανλής προς τους Ευρωπαίους Ηγέτες, στις 3/1/1992!
«Η αναγνώριση της αυτοαποκαλούμενης "Δημοκρατίας της Μακεδονίας" έχει θεμελιώδη σημασία για την Ελλάδα και το γνωρίζω καλύτερα από κάθε άλλον αφού είμαι ο ίδιος Μακεδών. Η Δημοκρατία αυτή δεν έχει δικαίωμα ούτε εθνολογικά, ούτε ιστορικά να λέγεται Μακεδονία»!
«Η εθνολογική σύνθεση του πληθυσμού της χώρας αυτής αποτελείται από Αλβανούς, Τούρκους, Τσιγγάνους και Σλάβους, που καμία σχέση δεν έχουν με Μακεδόνες»!
«Είναι αδιανόητο με την λήξη του Ψυχρού Πολέμου να δίδεται ιστορική νομιμοποίηση σε Τίτο και Μόσχα που ονόμασαν την Νότιο Γιουγκοσλαβία σε Μακεδονία προς έξοδο στο Αιγαίο, αποσπώντας την Μακεδονία από την Ελλάδα».
Ο αείμνηστος Πρόεδρος Κωνσταντίνος Καραμανλής στην επιστολή του προς τους 15 ηγέτες της ΕΟΚ, 3/1/1992
ΓΙΑΤΙ ΕΙΝΑΙ ΑΠΟΛΥΤΑ ΕΠΙΚΙΝΔΥΝΟ ΤΟ
«ΑΝΩ ΜΑΚΕΔΟΝΙΑ»
Σημειώνουμε, ότι π.χ. η σύνθετη ονομασία «ΑΝΩ ΜΑΚΕΔΟΝΙΑ» είναι επιπλέον απαράδεκτη και απόλυτα επικίνδυνη, διότι αποτελεί σαφή αρχαίο, ελληνικό γεωγραφικό προσδιορισμό των περιοχών Γρεβενών, Καστοριάς, Φλώρινας και Κοζάνης από τους Ιστορικούς Ηρόδοτο και Θουκυδίδη! Πράγμα που σημαίνει πως εάν την αποδώσουμε στα Σκόπια, τους δίδουμε το «ιστορικό» δικαίωμα να επικαλούνται τη μελλοντική προσάρτηση των εν λόγω περιοχών της Δυτικής μας Μακεδονίας, επικαλούμενοι τους …αρχαίους Έλληνες Συγγραφείς!
ΓΙΑΤΙ ΕΙΝΑΙ ΔΙΕΘΝΩΣ ΚΑΤΟΧΥΡΩΜΕΝΟ ΤΟ
ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΟ «ΒΟΡΕΙΑ ΜΑΚΕΔΟΝΙΑ»
Από την άλλη πάλι, το «Βόρεια Μακεδονία», είναι επίσης απόλυτα ελληνικό όνομα, διεθνώς δηλωμένο και κατοχυρωμένο, όπως προκύπτει από τα επίσημα Υπομνήματα της Επιτροπής Αλυτρώτων Βορείου Ελλάδος, με τίτλο «Η ΑΛΥΤΡΩΤΟΣ ΒΟΡΕΙΑ ΜΑΚΕΔΟΝΙΑ» και υπότιτλο «ΕΚΚΛΗΣΙΣ ΑΛΥΤΡΩΤΩΝ ΒΟΡΕΙΟΥ ΜΑΚΕΔΟΝΙΑΣ, προς τους Δημοκρατικούς Λαούς των Ηνωμένων Εθνών, Συμμάχων του Ελληνισμού κατά τον τελευταίον πόλεμον», Θεσσαλονίκη 1946!!!
Το Υπόμνημα αυτό του 1946, κατοχυρώνει ως ελληνική και την ονομασία «Βόρεια Μακεδονία» αποδεικνύοντας ότι σε μεγάλο μέρος του σημερινού κρατιδίου των Σκοπίων κατοικούσαν Έλληνες και όχι εθνικά «μακεδόνες», οι οποίοι Έλληνες και αντιμετώπισαν τρομακτικές διώξεις και γενοκτονίες!
Σημειώνεται δε ότι οι σημερινοί Έλληνες των Σκοπίων φτάνουν τις 240.000 ψυχές και αποτελούν τη δεύτερη μεγαλύτερη μετά τους Αλβανούς, εθνική μειονότητα του Κρατιδίου!
Η τυχόν παράδοση λοιπόν της ονομασίας «Βόρεια Μακεδονία» στα Σκόπια, όχι μόνο θα νομιμοποιούσε την δήθεν ύπαρξη «μακεδονικού έθνους» που κατοικεί στη «Βόρεια Μακεδονία», όχι μόνο θα παρέγραπτε οριστικά τα νόμιμα δικαιώματα των αληθινών και μόνων Βορειομακεδόνων, της ελληνικής δηλαδή εθνικής μειονότητας των Σκοπίων, αλλά και θα εξουδετέρωνε τον πιο σημαντικό μοχλό ξεσκεπάσματος του Σκοπιανισμού, ο οποίος καταπιέζει μια τεράστια ελληνική μειονότητα εκεί, υφαρπάζοντας το όνομα και την ταυτότητά της, προκειμένου να την αφομοιώσει και να την εξαφανίσει, για να διεκδικήσει στη συνέχεια ανενόχλητα και το ελληνικό γειτονικό έδαφος, θέτοντας την ίδια ώρα θέματα «περιουσίων», «αποζημιώσεων» και «μειονοτήτων» μέσα στην Ελλάδα!
Με άλλα λόγια, τα Σκόπια σήμερα το μόνο που φοβούνται, είναι η έγερση και πολιτική οργάνωση του μόνου πληθυσμιακού κομματιού που δικαιούται να αποκαλείται «Μακεδόνες=Έλληνες», επειδή ακριβώς η επίσημη εμφάνισή του σαν ΜΑΚΕΔΟΝΕΣ=Έλληνες, θα συντρίψει μια για πάντα τους ψευδομακεδόνες =Σκοπιανούς!!!
Επομένως η παράδοση του Βόρεια Μακεδονία, σημαίνει παράδοση της αιώνιας ελληνικής ταυτότητας των Βορειομακεδόνων, δηλαδή της καθοριστικής Ελληνικής Μειονότητας των Σκοπίων, όταν η Βουλγαρία από την άλλη μεριά είναι γνωστό ότι ασκεί σαφή και εκτεταμένη προπαγάνδα προσεταιρισμού μεγάλου μέρους των Σκοπιανών, για κάθε μελλοντική εκμετάλλευση… Για κάθε μελλοντική νέα Βαλκανική Συνθήκη…
Είναι επείγουσα άρα ανάγκη, όχι μόνο η υπεράσπιση του «Βόρεια Μακεδονία», αλλά και η επίσημη ενεργοποίηση από την Αθήνα του δικαιώματος και του ενδιαφέροντός της για την Ελληνική Μειονότητα των Σκοπίων! Τους θρυλικούς Βορειομακεδόνες, συμπεριλαμβανομένων των χιλιάδων αθώων Ελληνόπουλων που είχαν οδηγηθεί στα χρόνια του εμφυλίου στη Γιουγκοσλαβία και διατηρούν σήμερα, τουλάχιστον τα 2/3 αυτών, τη μαρτυρική ελληνική τους συνείδηση!
ΤΙ ΣΗΜΑΙΝΕΙ ΤΟ ΝΑ ΕΙΣΑΙ ΜΑΚΕΔΟΝΑΣ
Ο νυν Πρωθυπουργός Κώστας Καραμανλής, παρακάτω στην ίδια ομιλία του στην Αριδαία, μετά την εκτόξευση της απαράδεκτης «Σύνθετης Ονομασίας», αυτοπροβλήθηκε σαν «Μακεδόνας», χωρίς δάκρυα και συγνώμη, λέγοντας:
«Η ιστορία δεν παραχαράσσεται, δεν παραγράφεται, δεν ξαναγράφεται. Ως Μακεδόνας και ο ίδιος το επιβεβαιώνω ότι αυτό δεν γίνεται»…
Πράγματι δε γίνεται! Αλλά το να είσαι Μακεδόνας, δηλαδή Έλληνας της Μακεδονίας, σημαίνει πάνω από όλα ότι δεν δέχεσαι να μοιραστείς το όνομα και την ιστορία σου με τους σφετεριστές των Σκοπίων!
Σημαίνει ότι σέβεσαι το Μακεδονικό Αγώνα και τον συνεχίζεις «τοις κείνων ρήμασι πειθόμενος»!
Σημαίνει ότι αντιδράς όταν ξένες δυνάμεις επισφραγίζουν την παραχάραξη, επενδύοντας σε μελλοντική διεκδίκηση επί τους εδάφους της Βόρειας Ελλάδας, με όχημα την ονομασία!
Σημαίνει ότι δεν δίνεις το όνομα της πατρίδας σου!
Δεν ενδίδεις! Δεν υποχωρείς! Δεν υποκύπτεις! Ζεις, αναπνέεις και πεθαίνεις για ιδανικά και αξίες πολύ μεγαλύτερες από ένα κόμμα και μια προσωρινή θέση!
Ζεις, παλεύεις και πεθαίνεις σαν Μακεδόνας! Σαν ασυμβίβαστος Έλληνας!
Δεν προσφέρεις το όνομα με σύνθετη, προσχηματική ονομασία στα Σκόπια και την Τουρκία σύμμαχό τους!
ΔΕΝ ΑΝΟΙΓΕΙΣ ΤΗΝ ΚΕΡΚΟΠΟΡΤΑ μελλοντικών διεκδικήσεων κατά της Ελλάδος!
Δεν δίνεις το Υπουργείο Εξωτερικών σε εκείνους που θεωρούν εκ των προτέρων «χαμένο» τον αγώνα, αλλά ακολουθείς τον ασυμβίβαστο δρόμο των Κωνσταντίνου Καραμανλή και Ανδρέα Παπανδρέου στο Σκοπιανικό, που ήξεραν πολύ καλά, ότι «το όνομα είναι το όχημα του αλυτρωτισμού»! Και γι΄ αυτό απέρριπταν κάθε σύνθετη ονομασία που θα εμπεριείχε τον όρο «Μακεδονία»!
ΕΘΝΙΚΟ ΔΑΚΡΥ – ΕΘΝΙΚΟ ΔΟΓΜΑ
Και αν δεν έχεις δάκρυα, προφέροντας το ιερό όνομα της Μακεδονίας μας, τότε ας θυμάσαι τα δικά του! Τα δάκρυα του αείμνηστου και αληθινού Μακεδόνα Προέδρου, που το 1992, κατά την άφιξή του στο Αεροδρόμιο «Μακεδονία» είχε πει λόγια που σημάδεψαν ανεξίτηλα τη μακεδονική γη:
«Να καταλάβουν επιτέλους, ότι δεν υπάρχει παρά ΜΙΑ ΜΑΚΕΔΟΝΙΑ! Και η ΜΑΚΕΔΟΝΙΑ αυτή είναι ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΗ»!!!
«Μία Μακεδονία» σημαίνει καμία άλλη! Καμία «Άνω», «Βόρεια», «Νέα» «Μακεδονία»! Καμία «Σύνθετη Μακεδονία»! Και αυτό αποτελεί Εθνικό Δόγμα και παγκόσμια αξίωση του απανταχού Ελληνισμού!
Οι παραβάτες αυτού το Δόγματος, δεν δικαιούνται να λέγονται Μακεδόνες!
ΤΑ «ΑΚΡΑ» ΠΟΥ ΣΤΗΡΙΖΟΥΝ ΤΟΝ ΚΑΡΑΜΑΝΛΗ ΤΗΣ ΣΥΝΘΕΤΗΣ ΟΝΟΜΑΣΙΑΣ…
Και από την άλλη, δεν δικαιούνται να ισχυρίζονται πως αγωνίζονται για τη «Μακεδονία», οι στυλοβάτες του Πρωθυπουργού, τα «άκρα» στήριξής του, που διαρκώς δηλώνουν κοινοβουλευτικά, δημόσια και ιδιωτικά την υποστήριξη και τη συμπαράστασή τους στον Καραμανλή, ο οποίος όμως ευθύνεται τελικά και συντηρεί την αδιέξοδη, επιζήμια και απαράδεκτη πολιτική της «Σύνθετης Ονομασίας» για τα Σκόπια!
Ο ΝΕΟΣ ΠΑΛΜΟΣ
Η ΜΑΚΕΔΟΝΙΑ, είναι μεγάλη ιδέα! Για μεγάλες καρδιές, που αγωνίζονται με αγνότητα και αγάπη, με πατριωτισμό και όχι εθνικισμό! Με ανιδιοτέλεια και όχι μικροκομματισμό! Με περηφάνια και όχι με φόβο! Με καμάρι και όχι με ντροπή! Με φωνή ηχηρή και όχι με σιγή! Με εντιμότητα και όχι με διγλωσσία! Με παλικαριά και όχι με δολοπλοκίες!
Ο κοινός χτύπος τους, συνιστά πια εθνικό παλμό, που είναι αδύνατον πλέον να τον παραβλέψει κανείς! Πολύ περισσότερο που ο γιγάντιος αυτός παλμός εξελίσσεται σε Πολιτικό Εθνικό Παλμό, απαιτώντας συγκεκριμένες πολιτικές και λύσεις για τα μεγάλα και μικρά προβλήματα του Ελληνισμού και την αξιοπρέπεια της χώρας! Και σαφώς καμία απολύτως παραχώρηση του ελληνικού όρου «Μακεδονία» και των παραγώγων!
Εάν η Κυβέρνηση, η Αντιπολίτευση, τα Κόμματα, οι Πολιτικοί δεν συντονιστούν με τον Παλμό αυτό, σύντομα θα κληθούν να τον αντιμετωπίσουν όχι πλέον σαν ένα αόριστο κοινωνικό ρεύμα, αλλά σαν μια μεγάλη, οργανωμένη και πανίσχυρη Πολιτική Δύναμη, όπου θα συμμετέχουν από κοινού όλοι μαζί αδερφωμένοι οι ποιοτικοί και αξιοπρεπείς Έλληνες και του Εξωτερικού και του Εσωτερικού!
Ο δε Πρωθυπουργός, έχει μια τελευταία ευκαιρία. Να απομακρύνει τις επόμενες ώρες την Υπουργό Εξωτερικών και την πολιτική της και δεύτερον να ζητήσει δημόσια συγνώμη από τον Μακεδονικό Ελληνισμό για τη «σύνθετη» προσβολή του!
Πριν να είναι πολύ αργά…
Sunday, 12 April 2009
Letter to the Archaeology Magazine by UC Berkeley Professor (emeritus) of Archaeology, S. Miller
January 22, 2009
Editor, Archaeology Magazine
36-36 33rd Street
Long Island City, NY 11106
U.S.A.
Dear Sir,
I opened the January/February issue of Archaeology today and eagerly turned to “A Letter from Macedonia” only to discover that it was actually a letter from ancient Paionia – the land north of Mt. Barmous and Mt. Orbelos. Livy’s account of the creation of the Roman province of Macedonia (45.29.7 and 12) makes clear that the Paionians lived north of those mountains (which form today the geographically natural northern limits of Greece) and south of the Dardanians who were in today’s Kosovo. Strabo (7. frag 4) is even more succinct in saying that Paionia was north of Macedonia and the only connection from one to the other was (and is today) through the narrow gorge of the Axios (or Vardar) River. In other words, the land which is described by Matthew Brunwasser in his “Owning Alexander” was Paionia in antiquity.
While it is true that those people were subdued by Philip II, father of Alexander, in 359 B.C. (Diodorus Siculus 16.4.2), they were never Macedonians and never lived in Macedonia. Indeed, Demosthenes (Olynthian 1.23) tells us that they were “enslaved” by the Macedonian Philip and clearly, therefore, not Macedonians. Isokrates (5.23) makes the same point. Likewise, for example, the Egyptians who were subdued by Alexander may have been ruled by Macedonians, including the famous Cleopatra, but they were never Macedonians themselves, and Egypt was never called Macedonia (and so far as I can tell does not seek that name today).
Certainly, as Thucydides (2.99) tells us, the Macedonians had taken over “a narrow strip of Paionia extending along the Axios river from the interior to Pella and the sea”. One might therefore understand if the people in the modern republic centered at Skopje called themselves Paionians and claimed as theirs the land described by Thucydides.
But why, instead, would the modern people of ancient Paionia try to call themselves Macedonians and their land Macedonia? Mr. Brunwasser (p. 55) touches on the Greek claims “that it implies ambitions over Greek territory” and he notes that “the northern province of Greece is also called Macedonia.” Leaving aside the fact that the area of that northern province of modern Greece has been called Macedonia for more than 2,500 years (see, inter alios, Herodotus 5.17; 7.128, et alibi), more recent history shows that the Greek concerns are legitimate. For example, a map produced in Skopje in 1992 shows clearly the claim that Macedonia extends from there to Mt. Olympus in the south; that is, combining the ancient regions of Paionia and Macedonia into a single entity.
The same claim is explicit on a pseudo-bank note of the Republic of Macedonia which shows, as one of its monuments, the White Tower of Thessalonike, in Greece.
There are many more examples of calendars, Christmas cards, bumper-stickers, etc., that all make the same claim.
Further, Mr. Brunwasser has reported with approval (International Herald Tribune 10/1/08) the work of the “Macedonian Institute for Strategic Research 16:9”, the name of which refers “to Acts 16:9, a verse in the New Testament in which a Macedonian man appears to the Apostle Paul begging him: ‘Come over into Macedonia, and help us.’" But where did Paul go in Macedonia? Neapolis (Kavala), Philippi, Amphipolis, Apollonia, Thessaloniki, and Veroia (Acts 16:11-17:10) all of which are in the historic Macedonia, none in Paionia. What claim is being made by an Institute based in Skopje that names itself for a trip through what was Macedonia in antiquity and what is the northern province of Greece today?
I wonder what we would conclude if a certain large island off the southeast coast of the United States started to call itself Florida, and emblazoned its currency with images of Disney World and distributed maps showing the Greater Florida.
Certainly there was no doubt of the underlying point of “Macedonia” in the mind of U.S. Secretary of State Edward Stettinius on December 26, 1944, when he wrote:
“The Department [of State] has noted with considerable apprehension increasing propaganda rumors and semi-official statements in favor of an autonomous Macedonia, emanating principally from Bulgaria, but also from Yugoslav Partisan and other sources, with the implication that Greek territory would be included in the projected state. This government considers talk of Macedonian ”nation”, Macedonian “Fatherland”, or Macedonian “national consciousness” to be unjustified demagoguery representing no ethnic nor political reality, and sees in its present revival a possible cloak for aggressive intentions against Greece.”
[Source: U.S. State Department, Foreign Relations vol viii, Washington, D.C., Circular Airgram (868.014/26Dec1944)]
Mr. Brunwasser (a resident of Bulgaria), however, goes on to state, with apparent distain, that Greece claims “Alexander III of Macedon (Alexander the Great) . . . as Greek.”
This attitude mystifies me. What is there to “claim”? Alexander’s great-great-great grandfather, Alexander I, was certified as Greek at Olympia and, in the words of the father of history “I happen to know that [the forefathers of Alexander] are Greek” (Herodotus 5.22). Alexander’s father, Philip, won several equestrian victories at Olympia and Delphi (Plutarch, Alexander 4.9; Moralia 105A), the two most Hellenic of all the sanctuaries in ancient Greece where non-Greeks were not allowed to compete. If Philip was Greek, wasn’t his son also Greek?
When Euripides – who died and was buried in Macedonia (Thucydides apud Pal. Anth. 7.45; Pausanias 1.2.2; Diodorus Siculus 13.103) – wrote his play Archelaos in honor of the great-uncle of Alexander, did he write it in Slavic? When he wrote the Bacchai while at the court of Archelaos did he not write it in Greek even as it has survived to us? Or should we imagine that Euripides was a “Macedonian” who wrote in Slavic (at a date when that language is not attested) which was translated into Greek?
What was the language of instruction when Aristotle taught Alexander? What language was carried by Alexander with him on his expedition to the East? Why do we have ancient inscriptions in Greek in settlements established by Alexander as far away as Afghanistan, and none in Slavic? Why did Greek become the lingua franca in Alexander’s empire if he was actually a “Macedonian”? Why was the New Testament written in Greek rather than Slavic?
On page 57 of the so-called “Letter from Macedonia” there is a photograph of the author standing “before a bronze statue of Alexander the Great in the city of Prilep.”
The statue is patently modern, but the question is whether the real historic Alexander could have read the Slavic inscription beneath his feet. Given the known historic posterity of Slavic to Greek, the answer is obvious.
While Mr. Brunwasser’s reporting of the archaeological work in Paionia is welcome, his adoption and promotion of the modern political stance of its people about the use of the name Macedonia is not only unwelcome, it is a disservice to the readers of Archaeology who are, I imagine, interested in historic fact. But then, the decision to propagate this historical nonsense by Archaeology – a publication of the Archaeological Institute of America - is a disservice to its own reputation.
Let it be said once more: the region of ancient Paionia was a part of the Macedonian empire. So were Ephesos and Tyre and Palestine and Memphis and Babylon and Taxila and dozens more. They may thus have become “Macedonian” temporarily, but none was ever “Macedonia”.
Allow me to end this exegesis by making a suggestion to resolve the question of the modern use of the name “Macedonia.” Greece should annex Paionia – that is what Philip II did in 359 B.C. And that would appear to be acceptable to the modern residents of that area since they claim to be Greek by appropriating the name Macedonia and its most famous man. Then the modern people of this new Greek province could work on learning to speak and read and write Greek, hopefully even as well as Alexander did.
Sincerely,
Stephen G. Miller
Professor Emeritus, University of California, Berkeley
PS: For a more complete examination of the ancient evidence regarding Paionia, see I. L. Merker, “The Ancient Kingdom of Paionia,” Balkan Studies 6 (1965) 35-54
cc: C. Brian Rose, President, Archaeological Institute of America
Hillary Rodham Clinton, Secretary of State of the United States of America
Dora Bakoyiannis, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Greece
Antonis Samaras, Minister of Culture of Greece
Olli Rehn, European Commissioner for Enlargement
Erik Meijer, Member, European Parliament
Editor, Archaeology Magazine
36-36 33rd Street
Long Island City, NY 11106
U.S.A.
Dear Sir,
I opened the January/February issue of Archaeology today and eagerly turned to “A Letter from Macedonia” only to discover that it was actually a letter from ancient Paionia – the land north of Mt. Barmous and Mt. Orbelos. Livy’s account of the creation of the Roman province of Macedonia (45.29.7 and 12) makes clear that the Paionians lived north of those mountains (which form today the geographically natural northern limits of Greece) and south of the Dardanians who were in today’s Kosovo. Strabo (7. frag 4) is even more succinct in saying that Paionia was north of Macedonia and the only connection from one to the other was (and is today) through the narrow gorge of the Axios (or Vardar) River. In other words, the land which is described by Matthew Brunwasser in his “Owning Alexander” was Paionia in antiquity.
While it is true that those people were subdued by Philip II, father of Alexander, in 359 B.C. (Diodorus Siculus 16.4.2), they were never Macedonians and never lived in Macedonia. Indeed, Demosthenes (Olynthian 1.23) tells us that they were “enslaved” by the Macedonian Philip and clearly, therefore, not Macedonians. Isokrates (5.23) makes the same point. Likewise, for example, the Egyptians who were subdued by Alexander may have been ruled by Macedonians, including the famous Cleopatra, but they were never Macedonians themselves, and Egypt was never called Macedonia (and so far as I can tell does not seek that name today).
Certainly, as Thucydides (2.99) tells us, the Macedonians had taken over “a narrow strip of Paionia extending along the Axios river from the interior to Pella and the sea”. One might therefore understand if the people in the modern republic centered at Skopje called themselves Paionians and claimed as theirs the land described by Thucydides.
But why, instead, would the modern people of ancient Paionia try to call themselves Macedonians and their land Macedonia? Mr. Brunwasser (p. 55) touches on the Greek claims “that it implies ambitions over Greek territory” and he notes that “the northern province of Greece is also called Macedonia.” Leaving aside the fact that the area of that northern province of modern Greece has been called Macedonia for more than 2,500 years (see, inter alios, Herodotus 5.17; 7.128, et alibi), more recent history shows that the Greek concerns are legitimate. For example, a map produced in Skopje in 1992 shows clearly the claim that Macedonia extends from there to Mt. Olympus in the south; that is, combining the ancient regions of Paionia and Macedonia into a single entity.
The same claim is explicit on a pseudo-bank note of the Republic of Macedonia which shows, as one of its monuments, the White Tower of Thessalonike, in Greece.
There are many more examples of calendars, Christmas cards, bumper-stickers, etc., that all make the same claim.
Further, Mr. Brunwasser has reported with approval (International Herald Tribune 10/1/08) the work of the “Macedonian Institute for Strategic Research 16:9”, the name of which refers “to Acts 16:9, a verse in the New Testament in which a Macedonian man appears to the Apostle Paul begging him: ‘Come over into Macedonia, and help us.’" But where did Paul go in Macedonia? Neapolis (Kavala), Philippi, Amphipolis, Apollonia, Thessaloniki, and Veroia (Acts 16:11-17:10) all of which are in the historic Macedonia, none in Paionia. What claim is being made by an Institute based in Skopje that names itself for a trip through what was Macedonia in antiquity and what is the northern province of Greece today?
I wonder what we would conclude if a certain large island off the southeast coast of the United States started to call itself Florida, and emblazoned its currency with images of Disney World and distributed maps showing the Greater Florida.
Certainly there was no doubt of the underlying point of “Macedonia” in the mind of U.S. Secretary of State Edward Stettinius on December 26, 1944, when he wrote:
“The Department [of State] has noted with considerable apprehension increasing propaganda rumors and semi-official statements in favor of an autonomous Macedonia, emanating principally from Bulgaria, but also from Yugoslav Partisan and other sources, with the implication that Greek territory would be included in the projected state. This government considers talk of Macedonian ”nation”, Macedonian “Fatherland”, or Macedonian “national consciousness” to be unjustified demagoguery representing no ethnic nor political reality, and sees in its present revival a possible cloak for aggressive intentions against Greece.”
[Source: U.S. State Department, Foreign Relations vol viii, Washington, D.C., Circular Airgram (868.014/26Dec1944)]
Mr. Brunwasser (a resident of Bulgaria), however, goes on to state, with apparent distain, that Greece claims “Alexander III of Macedon (Alexander the Great) . . . as Greek.”
This attitude mystifies me. What is there to “claim”? Alexander’s great-great-great grandfather, Alexander I, was certified as Greek at Olympia and, in the words of the father of history “I happen to know that [the forefathers of Alexander] are Greek” (Herodotus 5.22). Alexander’s father, Philip, won several equestrian victories at Olympia and Delphi (Plutarch, Alexander 4.9; Moralia 105A), the two most Hellenic of all the sanctuaries in ancient Greece where non-Greeks were not allowed to compete. If Philip was Greek, wasn’t his son also Greek?
When Euripides – who died and was buried in Macedonia (Thucydides apud Pal. Anth. 7.45; Pausanias 1.2.2; Diodorus Siculus 13.103) – wrote his play Archelaos in honor of the great-uncle of Alexander, did he write it in Slavic? When he wrote the Bacchai while at the court of Archelaos did he not write it in Greek even as it has survived to us? Or should we imagine that Euripides was a “Macedonian” who wrote in Slavic (at a date when that language is not attested) which was translated into Greek?
What was the language of instruction when Aristotle taught Alexander? What language was carried by Alexander with him on his expedition to the East? Why do we have ancient inscriptions in Greek in settlements established by Alexander as far away as Afghanistan, and none in Slavic? Why did Greek become the lingua franca in Alexander’s empire if he was actually a “Macedonian”? Why was the New Testament written in Greek rather than Slavic?
On page 57 of the so-called “Letter from Macedonia” there is a photograph of the author standing “before a bronze statue of Alexander the Great in the city of Prilep.”
The statue is patently modern, but the question is whether the real historic Alexander could have read the Slavic inscription beneath his feet. Given the known historic posterity of Slavic to Greek, the answer is obvious.
While Mr. Brunwasser’s reporting of the archaeological work in Paionia is welcome, his adoption and promotion of the modern political stance of its people about the use of the name Macedonia is not only unwelcome, it is a disservice to the readers of Archaeology who are, I imagine, interested in historic fact. But then, the decision to propagate this historical nonsense by Archaeology – a publication of the Archaeological Institute of America - is a disservice to its own reputation.
Let it be said once more: the region of ancient Paionia was a part of the Macedonian empire. So were Ephesos and Tyre and Palestine and Memphis and Babylon and Taxila and dozens more. They may thus have become “Macedonian” temporarily, but none was ever “Macedonia”.
Allow me to end this exegesis by making a suggestion to resolve the question of the modern use of the name “Macedonia.” Greece should annex Paionia – that is what Philip II did in 359 B.C. And that would appear to be acceptable to the modern residents of that area since they claim to be Greek by appropriating the name Macedonia and its most famous man. Then the modern people of this new Greek province could work on learning to speak and read and write Greek, hopefully even as well as Alexander did.
Sincerely,
Stephen G. Miller
Professor Emeritus, University of California, Berkeley
PS: For a more complete examination of the ancient evidence regarding Paionia, see I. L. Merker, “The Ancient Kingdom of Paionia,” Balkan Studies 6 (1965) 35-54
cc: C. Brian Rose, President, Archaeological Institute of America
Hillary Rodham Clinton, Secretary of State of the United States of America
Dora Bakoyiannis, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Greece
Antonis Samaras, Minister of Culture of Greece
Olli Rehn, European Commissioner for Enlargement
Erik Meijer, Member, European Parliament
Friday, 3 April 2009
The views of Hellenism of the Pseusomacedonians
όπως το έγραψε στο μηνιαίο φύλλο που εκδίδει το άλλο πουλέν του
Σλαβομακεδονισμού Chris Stefou ή Risto Stefov με τον τίτλο "Macedonian
Digest". Συνιστώ ψυχραιμία κατά την ανάγνωση και απλά λέω ότι δυστυχώς αυτή
είναι η άποψη της πλειονότητας των Δυαδυκτιακών Σλαβομακεδονιστών για τον
Ελληνισμό και για τους Έλληνες.
ΓΙΑ ΝΑ ΞΥΠΝΑΜΕ ΚΑΙ ΝΑ ΞΕΡΟΥΜΕ ΠΟΙΟΙ ΕΙΝΑΙ ΜΕ ΑΥΤΟΥΣ ΠΟΥ ΣΥΝΟΜΙΛΟΥΜΕ.
Ο Ελληνισμός είναι όπως ένας ιός, που μολύνει τους ανθρώπους και αυτοί με
τη σειρά τους μολύνουν τους άλλους με αυτό. Οι άνθρωποι σήμερα που μολύνουν
άλλους με τον νοσούντα Ελληνισμό δεν είναι ούτε καν Έλληνες. Είναι οι ίδιοι
απόγονοι των Μακεδόνων(τύπου Σλαβομακεδονισμού), Αρβανιτών, Βλάχων, κλπ.,
των οποίων οι πρόγονοι ήταν οι τελευταίοι που έχουν μολυνθεί από την νόσο.
Οι μη Έλληνες, οι ψευδό-Έλληνες δεν είναι τίποτα άλλο παρά πομποί μιας
ψεύτικης εθνικής κληρονομιάς. Είναι κυριολεκτικά, ανθρώπινοι ιοί. (οι
Έλληνες)
Η νοοτροπία των ανθρώπων αυτών(οι Έλληνες) δεν είναι τίποτα περισσότερο
παρά καθαρός ρατσισμός. Καταστρέφουν οποιοδήποτε και κάθε εθνότητα, γλώσσα
και την πολιτιστική κληρονομιά που έρχεται σε επαφή και με τις προσπάθειές
τους στο να "Ελληνοποιήσουν" αυτό. Αυτοί(οι Έλληνες) είναι ιστορικές απάτες
του κόσμου, μεγάλη απομίμησης, οι οποίοι έχουν μετατρέψει τη νότια Βαλκάνια
σε ένα Ελληνικό θεματικό πάρκο, και οι ίδιοι σε Ελληνικά ζόμπυ. Είναι απλές
σκιές των προγόνων τους, των οποίων το πολύ εθνικής κληρονομιάς και μητρικής
αμφισβητούν και περιφρονώ. Πάρτε για παράδειγμα τον Πάγκαλο και την
Μπακογιάννη. Δείτε πώς καθυβρίζουν την αλβανική τους καταγωγής. Κοίταξτε τον
Καραμανλή, ο τυμπανισμένος βλάκας, που φέρεται χαμερπά όταν κάποιος
αναφέρεται ότι η οικογένειά του μιλούσε το "σλαβικό ιδίωμα". Σκεφτείτε όλους
τους Έλληνες πρωθυπουργούς με Βλάχικη εθνική κληρονομιά και πώς σήμερα τόσο
η βλάχικη εθνικότητα αλλά και η βλάχικη γλώσσα διασύρονται και αρνιούνται
από τους Έλληνες. Ο Ελληνισμός είναι μια ασθένεια, πιστέψτε με, αυτοί οι
άνθρωποι είναι άρρωστοι. Η Ελλάδα βάζει στα ράφια τα ανθρώπινα δικαιώματα
όπως και οι αθλητές τα μετάλλια τους. Υπάρχει ένα μετάλλιο για την πιο
ρατσιστική κοινωνία, στον κόσμο; Η Ελλάδα θα κερδίσει τον τίτλο «country
mile»( αυτό δεν μπόρεσα να το μεταφράσω).
O Lubi Uzunovski είναι ιδιοκτήτης του σαιτ του Ουράνιου Τόξου όπως και του
maknews.
Τώρα εάν συμφωνεί το εθνικιστικό κόμμα Ουράνιο Τόξο με τις απόψεις του θα
θέλαμε να το μάθουμε. Πάντως η κλίκα των αποχωρούντων και δυσαρεστημένων από
το ΟΤ όπως ο Abecedar και η Vodenka μάλλον τις ευχαριστιούνται αυτές τις
ρατσιστικές απόψεις του Uzunovski. Άλλωστε η τελευταία είναι και moderator
στο φόρουμ του.
http://akritas-history-of-makedonia.blogspot.com/2009/04/o.html
Σλαβομακεδονισμού Chris Stefou ή Risto Stefov με τον τίτλο "Macedonian
Digest". Συνιστώ ψυχραιμία κατά την ανάγνωση και απλά λέω ότι δυστυχώς αυτή
είναι η άποψη της πλειονότητας των Δυαδυκτιακών Σλαβομακεδονιστών για τον
Ελληνισμό και για τους Έλληνες.
ΓΙΑ ΝΑ ΞΥΠΝΑΜΕ ΚΑΙ ΝΑ ΞΕΡΟΥΜΕ ΠΟΙΟΙ ΕΙΝΑΙ ΜΕ ΑΥΤΟΥΣ ΠΟΥ ΣΥΝΟΜΙΛΟΥΜΕ.
Ο Ελληνισμός είναι όπως ένας ιός, που μολύνει τους ανθρώπους και αυτοί με
τη σειρά τους μολύνουν τους άλλους με αυτό. Οι άνθρωποι σήμερα που μολύνουν
άλλους με τον νοσούντα Ελληνισμό δεν είναι ούτε καν Έλληνες. Είναι οι ίδιοι
απόγονοι των Μακεδόνων(τύπου Σλαβομακεδονισμού), Αρβανιτών, Βλάχων, κλπ.,
των οποίων οι πρόγονοι ήταν οι τελευταίοι που έχουν μολυνθεί από την νόσο.
Οι μη Έλληνες, οι ψευδό-Έλληνες δεν είναι τίποτα άλλο παρά πομποί μιας
ψεύτικης εθνικής κληρονομιάς. Είναι κυριολεκτικά, ανθρώπινοι ιοί. (οι
Έλληνες)
Η νοοτροπία των ανθρώπων αυτών(οι Έλληνες) δεν είναι τίποτα περισσότερο
παρά καθαρός ρατσισμός. Καταστρέφουν οποιοδήποτε και κάθε εθνότητα, γλώσσα
και την πολιτιστική κληρονομιά που έρχεται σε επαφή και με τις προσπάθειές
τους στο να "Ελληνοποιήσουν" αυτό. Αυτοί(οι Έλληνες) είναι ιστορικές απάτες
του κόσμου, μεγάλη απομίμησης, οι οποίοι έχουν μετατρέψει τη νότια Βαλκάνια
σε ένα Ελληνικό θεματικό πάρκο, και οι ίδιοι σε Ελληνικά ζόμπυ. Είναι απλές
σκιές των προγόνων τους, των οποίων το πολύ εθνικής κληρονομιάς και μητρικής
αμφισβητούν και περιφρονώ. Πάρτε για παράδειγμα τον Πάγκαλο και την
Μπακογιάννη. Δείτε πώς καθυβρίζουν την αλβανική τους καταγωγής. Κοίταξτε τον
Καραμανλή, ο τυμπανισμένος βλάκας, που φέρεται χαμερπά όταν κάποιος
αναφέρεται ότι η οικογένειά του μιλούσε το "σλαβικό ιδίωμα". Σκεφτείτε όλους
τους Έλληνες πρωθυπουργούς με Βλάχικη εθνική κληρονομιά και πώς σήμερα τόσο
η βλάχικη εθνικότητα αλλά και η βλάχικη γλώσσα διασύρονται και αρνιούνται
από τους Έλληνες. Ο Ελληνισμός είναι μια ασθένεια, πιστέψτε με, αυτοί οι
άνθρωποι είναι άρρωστοι. Η Ελλάδα βάζει στα ράφια τα ανθρώπινα δικαιώματα
όπως και οι αθλητές τα μετάλλια τους. Υπάρχει ένα μετάλλιο για την πιο
ρατσιστική κοινωνία, στον κόσμο; Η Ελλάδα θα κερδίσει τον τίτλο «country
mile»( αυτό δεν μπόρεσα να το μεταφράσω).
O Lubi Uzunovski είναι ιδιοκτήτης του σαιτ του Ουράνιου Τόξου όπως και του
maknews.
Τώρα εάν συμφωνεί το εθνικιστικό κόμμα Ουράνιο Τόξο με τις απόψεις του θα
θέλαμε να το μάθουμε. Πάντως η κλίκα των αποχωρούντων και δυσαρεστημένων από
το ΟΤ όπως ο Abecedar και η Vodenka μάλλον τις ευχαριστιούνται αυτές τις
ρατσιστικές απόψεις του Uzunovski. Άλλωστε η τελευταία είναι και moderator
στο φόρουμ του.
http://akritas-history-of-makedonia.blogspot.com/2009/04/o.html
Tuesday, 31 March 2009
Περίλαμπρο ανάκτορο του Μεγάλου Αλεξάνδρου αποκαλύπτεται στην Πέλλα
A new palace of Alexander the Great has just been discovered in Pella, Macedonia, Greece.
Ως το μεγαλύτερο και εντυπωσιακότερο ανάκτορο της Μακεδονίας, όπου γεννήθηκε, εκπαιδεύτηκε και ανδρώθηκε ο Μέγας Αλέξανδρος, περιγράφουν οι αρχαιολόγοι το ανάκτορο που εντοπίστηκε στην αρχαία Πέλλα, έπειτα από τρία χρόνια ανασκαφών.
Τα ευρήματα, που θα παρουσιαστούν στη φετινή επιστημονική συνάντηση για το αρχαιολογικό έργο στη Μακεδονία και τη Θράκη, είναι εντυπωσιακά: Χώροι συμποσίων, δεκάδες κοιτώνες και εστιατόρια, παλαίστρα με ψηφιδωτά δάπεδα, πισίνα, λουτρά και χώροι προετοιμασίας και εκπαίδευσης των νεαρών γόνων των Μακεδόνων αριστοκρατών που χρονολογούνται στα παιδικά και εφηβικά χρόνια του Μεγάλου Αλεξάνδρου.
Το συνολικής έκτασης 70 στρεμμάτων ανάκτορο (μήκους 400 μ. και πρόσοψης 160 μ.) αποκαλύπτεται δυτικά του σημερινού χωριού και βόρεια του σημείου όπου βρίσκεται το νεοανεγερθέν Μουσείο Πέλλας.
Σύμφωνα με τα Νέα, στο εσωτερικό του ανακτόρου οι ανασκαφείς εντόπισαν χώρους δείπνων και συμποσίων και γύρω από την ενσωματωμένη στο κτίριο παλαίστρα ελαιοθέσια (χώροι όπου οι εκπαιδευόμενοι νεαροί βασιλόπαιδες άλειφαν με λάδι τα σώματά τους προετοιμαζόμενοι για αθλοπαιδιές).
Ο πυρήνας του κτιρίου των ανακτόρων χρονολογείται στα πρώιμα χρόνια, όπως και ολόκληρη η πόλη της Πέλλας.
«Πρόκειται για το μεγαλύτερο και εντυπωσιακότερο ανάκτορο στον μακεδονικό χώρο» δηλώνει ο αρχαιολόγος Παύλος Χρυσοστόμου, ανασκαφέας της ευρύτερης περιοχής την τελευταία 25ετία, που μετέχει στη φετινή επιστημονική συνάντηση για το αρχαιολογικό έργο στη Μακεδονία και τη Θράκη, με εισήγηση υπό τον τίτλο «Πέλλης βασίλειον».
Ως το μεγαλύτερο και εντυπωσιακότερο ανάκτορο της Μακεδονίας, όπου γεννήθηκε, εκπαιδεύτηκε και ανδρώθηκε ο Μέγας Αλέξανδρος, περιγράφουν οι αρχαιολόγοι το ανάκτορο που εντοπίστηκε στην αρχαία Πέλλα, έπειτα από τρία χρόνια ανασκαφών.
Τα ευρήματα, που θα παρουσιαστούν στη φετινή επιστημονική συνάντηση για το αρχαιολογικό έργο στη Μακεδονία και τη Θράκη, είναι εντυπωσιακά: Χώροι συμποσίων, δεκάδες κοιτώνες και εστιατόρια, παλαίστρα με ψηφιδωτά δάπεδα, πισίνα, λουτρά και χώροι προετοιμασίας και εκπαίδευσης των νεαρών γόνων των Μακεδόνων αριστοκρατών που χρονολογούνται στα παιδικά και εφηβικά χρόνια του Μεγάλου Αλεξάνδρου.
Το συνολικής έκτασης 70 στρεμμάτων ανάκτορο (μήκους 400 μ. και πρόσοψης 160 μ.) αποκαλύπτεται δυτικά του σημερινού χωριού και βόρεια του σημείου όπου βρίσκεται το νεοανεγερθέν Μουσείο Πέλλας.
Σύμφωνα με τα Νέα, στο εσωτερικό του ανακτόρου οι ανασκαφείς εντόπισαν χώρους δείπνων και συμποσίων και γύρω από την ενσωματωμένη στο κτίριο παλαίστρα ελαιοθέσια (χώροι όπου οι εκπαιδευόμενοι νεαροί βασιλόπαιδες άλειφαν με λάδι τα σώματά τους προετοιμαζόμενοι για αθλοπαιδιές).
Ο πυρήνας του κτιρίου των ανακτόρων χρονολογείται στα πρώιμα χρόνια, όπως και ολόκληρη η πόλη της Πέλλας.
«Πρόκειται για το μεγαλύτερο και εντυπωσιακότερο ανάκτορο στον μακεδονικό χώρο» δηλώνει ο αρχαιολόγος Παύλος Χρυσοστόμου, ανασκαφέας της ευρύτερης περιοχής την τελευταία 25ετία, που μετέχει στη φετινή επιστημονική συνάντηση για το αρχαιολογικό έργο στη Μακεδονία και τη Θράκη, με εισήγηση υπό τον τίτλο «Πέλλης βασίλειον».
Tuesday, 24 March 2009
A Greek response to Victor Friedman's views on Macedonia and Balkan multilingualism
Πέμπτη, 12 Μαρτίου 2009 Έλληνες πανεπιστημιακοί Δράση - Επιστολές A group of Greek academics respond to a Balkanalysis.com interview (12/14/08) featuring University of Chicago Professor of Slavic Languages & Literatures and Linguistics Victor Friedman, and focusing on Balkan history and culture.
Ime romeos e xeuro plus glose Fazio degli Uberti, Il Dittamondo, 3.23.36
March, 2009
In his interview on Balkanalysis.com (12/14/2008) [1], Linguistics professor and Balkan Studies scholar Victor Friedman portrays Greeks as a most undemocratic and oppressive nation, from ancient to present time, and places the role of Greece in the Balkans in a most negative light. The core of his arguments seems to lie in what he considers suppression of multilingualism and minorities in Greece, which he associates with the current dispute between Greece and the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) on the name of the latter country. As scholars and academics, some of us students of Macedonian history and culture, we wish to offer an alternative perspective and rebut Friedman’s views and assertions in regard to the identity of the modern Greek nation and the true nature of the current dispute between Greece and FYROM. It should be noted that, prior to our decision to write this letter, we invited Dr. Friedman to debate his views in the Hellenic Electronic Center/Professors’ Forum*, but he declined our invitation.
Friedman’s overt bias is best exemplified in his remark “Greeks get away with this ‘cradle of democracy’ image! Give me a break! Ancient Greece was a slave-owning society,” which defies further comment. It is indeed unfortunate that such a statement came from a scholar.
We will not respond with similar sensationalism here. Rather, we will remain close to the facts and scholarly sources, and address those points made by Friedman which might sound reasonable to a reader who is not familiar with the past and the recent history of the Southern Balkan region.
1) Friedman states that “Greeks have been trying to destroy the Slavic culture and its literacy since the Middle Ages”.
Quite to the contrary, the Greeks of Byzantium and the post-byzantine period immensely and crucially contributed to the development of the Slavic cultures of Russia, Bulgaria, and Serbia, during their conversion to Christianity [2]. Remarkably, Friedman neglects to acknowledge that the written Slavic languages were developed by two Byzantine Greek monastic scholars and linguists, Cyril and Methodius of Thessaloniki. Among others, Friedman also displays sheer disregard for: a) the pivotal contributions to Russian literature and philosophy by 15th century Athonite luminary monk Maximus Graecus (Μάξιμος ο Γραικός) [3]; b) the learned Greek brothers, Ioanniky and Sofrony Likhud (Λειχούδη), founders of Moscow’s first institution of higher learning, the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy, in 1687 [4]; and c) the centuries-old devotion of the Mother Church (Patriarchate of Constantinople) and Greek clergy to their Slav brethren, as embodied in the published works of the 19th century influential theologian and scholar Konstantinos Oeconomos (Κωνσταντίνος Οικονόμος εξ Οικονόμων)[5], a strong advocate of the historical ties and close kinship between Greeks and Slavs through the centuries.
2) In his rather bookish and rigidly circumscribed view about linguistically divergent constituencies in Greece, Friedman challenges the very essence of Modern Greek identity by disregarding –in a historical sense– the inclusive tradition of Romiosyni, the natural precursor of the Modern Greek nation. The concept of Romiosyni is, in many respects, akin to a 'Greek Commonwealth’, which transcends racial, tribal, and regional linguistic barriers. In failing to bring this concept into consideration when it comes to the historical context of multilingualism in the Balkan region, Friedman echoes earlier claims by—let us note—Greek scholars such as the late Loukas Tsitsipis [6] of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki and the late Kostas Kazazis [7] of the University of Chicago. Friedman – who is no stranger to Arvanitika, Vlahika and Slavonic dialects in the geographic region of Macedonia– fails to acknowledge that linguistically variegated groups such as Vlach-, Arvanite-, and Slavonic speakers in Macedonia, members of the Ottoman Rum millet and loyal followers of the Patriarchate of Constantinople, were not "Hellenized" subjects (by way of coercive or repressive assimilation) but rather they comprised dominant forces decisively partaking in the fermentation process leading to the shaping of Modern Greek identity and the dissemination of Greek letters in Ottoman Rumelia long before the eruption of ethnic feuds, divisions, and regional nationalisms [8, 9].
3) Friedman alludes to Greek indifference or even resistance to learning foreign languages, unlike other Balkan peoples. It is surprising that a Linguistics scholar uses the (presumed) lack of a Greek proverb to the effect that ‘languages are wealth’ as evidence that Greeks do not value multilingualism. This kind of rhetoric does not constitute a sound linguistic argument, and though possibly appealing to a lay-person, it reflects a way of thinking (called “strong relativism”) that has been largely discredited in current Linguistics.
To go back to scholarly sources, in his book “Bilingualism and the Latin Language” Cambridge University Press, 2003 [10], John N. Adams, Senior Research Fellow of All Souls College, Oxford, asserts that whilst "it has long been the conventional opinion that Greeks were indifferent or hostile to the learning of foreign languages, recently it has been shown that that view is far from the truth. Latin in particular was widely known, as has been demonstrated by Holford-Strevens and on a massive scale by Rochette.” [11]
With reference to the modern history of the Greek Nation (Γένος), members of the Rum millet and Romiosyni, ranging from those belonging to the high echelon of diplomats and luminaries of the Sublime Porte (viz. the Phanariots) to the ubiquitous Balkan merchants and retailers in the Ottoman Rumelia, were in fact polyglot (Greek-, Vlach-, Albanian-, Slavonic-, and/or Turkish-speaking, many of them acquainted with Russian, French, German and/or English). Noteworthy in this regard was the precocious (18th century) Greek ‘renaissance’ in Moschopolis/Moscopole (present day Albania) [12] and the 19th/early 20th century Greek cultural dimension in Pelagonia (Krushevo and Monastir/Bitola; present day FYROM) [8, 9]. These centers fostered the dissemination of Greek culture and letters, promoted by bilingual or polyglot speakers with fervent Greek national identity. Vestiges from this, once flourishing, community are still present today in FYROM.
The famous Protopiria (Primer), an Albanian-German-Modern Greek-Vlach dictionary written by the polymath cleric and scholar Theodoros Anastasiou Kavaliotis (Kavalliotes) [13], was the forerunner of comparative linguistics in the Balkans. It was printed in 1770 in Venice, and stands as a reminder of the widespread multilingualism in the flourishing Grecovlach center of Moschopolis/Moscopole and across the territories of the Ottoman Rumelia (the geographical region of Macedonia included).
Reference is made herein to the published works by Thomas Paschidis (1879) [14] and Mihail Lanbrinydis (1907) [15], which capture the collective memories of Arvanite and Vlach Greeks during the second half of the 19th century and the early 20th century. These works offer a palpable proof of the Greek-Albanian kinship perceived by the 19th century Greek scholars. Noteworthy in this regard are the demonstrative sentiments of Thomas Paschidis, a bilingual -possibly polyglot- Greek Epirote/Arvanite luminary, towards his Grecovlach and Bulgarian brethren. His book contains an appendix in Arvanitika using Greek characters, which is especially informative and enlightening [14].
Given the above, we contend that claims for the presence of divergent identities of Greeks, Arvanites, Vlachs, and so-called Macedonian Slavs, based solely on linguistic grounds, should be viewed with cautious circumspection and within the context of time and space. In particular, it is somewhat surprising that Friedman did not consider the massive diffusion of Arbëreshë (Arvanite) speakers southward into the Helladic Mainland and the Peloponnese during the 14th and 15th centuries (and the most relevant Stradioti saga). Τhe remarkable fermentation and integration of Arbëreshë/Shqiptarë-speaking populations with Greek-, Vlach/Armîn-, and Slavonic-speaking members of the Rum millet during the ensuing centuries remains at the core of Romiosyni and Modern Greek ethnogenesis.
Thus, from a modern historic and anthropological perspective, the rigidly circumscribed and sharply delimited ethno-linguistic ‘definitions’ and compartmentalizations brought forward by Friedman are open to critical reappraisal. Importantly, they are, to a large extent, alien and irrelevant to the Greeks of Arvanite or Vlach origin, whose identity has been shaped by their collective participation in the Modern Greek Experience during the past two (and possibly more) centuries.
The "Declaration of the Northern Epirotes from the Districts of Korytsa and Kolonia Demanding Union of Their Native Province with Greece -- Pan-Epirotic Union in America, (Boston, 1919)" is a testament to the perception of their Greek identity among Albanian-, Vlach- and Greek speakers in Southern Albania/Northern Epirus http://www.helleniccomserve.com/pdf/Declaration%20of%20Northern%20Epirotes%20in%2019%5B1%5D...pdf
Whilst the vision of the 18th century Grecovlach luminary Rigas Velestinlis Thettalos (Feraios) for the creation of a post-Ottoman Balkan Federation/Commonwealth, transcending regional and linguistic differences, did not materialize, the idea –nonetheless- reflected the sentiment of many emancipated Greeks at the time. But the ethnic/national ‘awakenings’ and the divisive forces were already underway, heralding the partial disintegration of Romiosyni followed by a protracted and intractable course of regional feuds and dissensions, which unfortunately live up to this day. The emergence of the ethnocentric national(istic) narrative of ‘Makedonism’ is symptomatic of delayed ‘awakening’ thanks –in part- to the contributions by scholars like Dr. Victor Friedman.
4) Friedman’s argument that “the Greeks came up with a line claiming the Macedonians could not claim the name Macedonia unless they were descended from the Ancient Macedonians” is a sheer misrepresentation. The basis of the dispute between Greece and FYROM lies on the open attempt by the FYROM government to appropriate a very significant part of the Greek history (see examples: http://faq.macedonia.org/history/ and http://www.macedonia-timeless.com/). As part of its newly constructed national narrative, FYROM has opted to trace its historical roots to classical antiquity, underrating the predominantly Slavonic cultural heritage of the majority of its population, which is shared with its Bulgarian brethren. In the words of Dr. Evangelos Kofos, Greece’s leading authority on Modern Macedonian History, this all-encompassing doctrine of ‘Makedonism’ is “encroaching upon an illustrious past, which had been recorded in the annals of Hellenic heritage, almost a millennium prior to the arrival of Slavic tribes in the region” [16] (N.B. There was no Slavic presence in Macedonia until nearly 1,000 years after the time of Alexander the Great).
Aside from the grandiose ideations traceable to antiquity, there is yet another darker side to the ethnocentric national narrative of ‘Makedonism’. Central to the problem at hand is the morbid obsession with race, DNA, HLA haplotypes, and the likes, underlying a broader racial purity narrative. In the video below, one can see footage from a staged propaganda-style inspirational film titled “Makedonska Molitva” (Macedonian Prayer), which was aired on the government-run MTV1 - National TV, First Channel television station of Skopje. Note that the video culminates in a crescendo blending biblical apocalyptic delusions with overtly racial overtones from a different era. Thus, using Hellenized terms, the narrator speaks God's words to the children of the Sun and Flowers telling them that Mother Earth gave birth to three races: "Makedonjoide = white race, Mongoloide = yellow race, Negroide = black race (all others being mulattoes)." And God went on to say to the Makedontsi that, "All white people are your brethren because they carry 'Macedonian' genes." [17]
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PZJ62MGF7xI
It is indeed regrettable that Friedman has opted to downplay the gravity and long-term implications of a morbidly nationalistic narrative nurtured in the primary and secondary school curricula of FYROM.
Greeks throughout the world do not harbor any enmity or hostility toward FYROM nationals, and yearn for a peaceful and productive coexistence between the two peoples. Greece has an earnest desire for mutual respect and the realization of a lasting political solution with its northern neighbor. Greece does not deny the nationals of FYROM their identity (or identities). In this dispute, Greece is only compelled to delineate the distinction between the ethno-cultural domains of Greek Macedonia and FYROM. With this in mind, we wish that the people of FYROM start questioning the state propaganda and reflect upon their recent history. They were victimized for half a century under a totalitarian regime and were nurtured under a propagandistic educational system. In keeping with this entrenched tradition, Article 6 of the Law on the Scientific Research Activity, as published in the "Official Gazette of the Republic of Macedonia" Nos.13/96 and 29/02, proscribes the development of any scientific research on the ethnic identity of the citizens of FYROM. We believe that such obsessive preoccupation with national identity in the 21st century, coupled with misrepresentation of history, only harms the citizens of FYROM.
As a geographic region, Macedonia has long been known for its ethno-linguistic diversity for which the time-honored term “Macedonian salad” was coined. Hence, Macedonia is neither a single country nor the cradle of a single nation, but a geographic region (with protean borders throughout history) parts of which belong nowadays to three states, each with its distinctive cultural heritage, national identity, and collective memory. It is most disturbing that Skopje claims the entire geographic Macedonian region of modern times as part of that nation’s “tatkovina” (fatherland), thus effectively laying claim to unredeemed territories in Greek Macedonia [18]. This is not a “hidden agenda”. The government of FYROM has published and circulated a state map showing FYROM to extend over Greek territory, including Thessaloniki [19].
The Hellenic identity of ancient Macedonia is indisputable; it is supported by historical, archeological, and linguistic evidence. For the socio-political and historical facts, the most authoritative source is the classic work of the leading scholar on the history of ancient Macedonia, the late Prof. Nicholas Hammond's book, The Macedonian State, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1989. As regards the language, by 5th century B.C. Attic Greek was standardized as the language of Ancient Macedonia (Makedon). For instance, of the 1,044 inscriptions included in the fascicle Inscriptiones Thessalonicae et Viciniae (ISBN 3 11 0018594) –one of the most painstaking and complex volumes of the Berlin corpus, encompassing all the inscriptions of ancient Thessaloniki from the 3rd century B.C. to the 7th or 8th century A.D.– most are Greek, while a few are Latin (personal communication with Dr. John C. Rouman, Professor Emeritus of Classics at the University of New Hampshire) [20]. When considering the pre-5th century B.C. language (for which evidence is more fragmentary), the current consensus seems to be that it was a Hellenic dialect. The term “Hellenic” has been proposed by Professor Brian Joseph (Ohio State University, 1999, 2001) [21] to refer to the linguistic sub-family within the Indo-European languages that comprises Ancient Macedonian and the rest of the Greek dialects. This classification has been adopted by the LINGUIST list (the official electronic site of Linguistics); see
http://www.linguistlist.org/forms/langs/GetListOfAncientLgs.html and http://linguistlist.org/forms/langs/get-familyid.cfm?CFTREEITEMKEY=IEG
On the first site, it is additionally cautioned that “Macedonian is the ancient language of the Macedonian kingdom in northern Greece and modern Macedonia during the 1st millennium B.C. Not to be confused with the modern Macedonian language, which is a close relative of the Slavonic Bulgarian [emphasis ours].” For additional references on the subject, see G. Babiniotis, “Ancient Macedonian: The Place of Macedonian among the Greek Dialects” in : A. M. Tamis (ed.), Macedonian Hellenism, Melbourne 1990, pp. 241-250; C. Brixhe, A. Panayotou, “Le Macédonien” in: Langues indo-européennes, ed. Bader, Paris, 1994, 205–220; and J. Chadwick, The Prehistory of the Greek Language, Cambridge 1963.
5) Friedman’s assertion that the Greek State has implemented repressive measures against the “Macedonian minority” in Greece is politically motivated. Most importantly, it misrepresents the real demographic situation in the Northwestern prefectures of Greek Macedonia, by not taking into account the fact that the use of variant local Slavonic-like idioms/dialects is widespread among bilingual, indigenous Greek Macedonians with unambiguous Greek identity. These bilingual Greek Macedonians (also known as Grecomans or Grkmani) along with Grecovlachs were the backbone of Romiosyni and Hellenism in the region during the 19th and 20th centuries. Friedman should by now be cognizant of the fact that when it comes to Macedonian identities it ultimately boils down to choices of national affiliation, as, not infrequently, even members of the same family may profess divergent ethnic/national identities. And even though Greece disputes the existence of a “Macedonian minority” on the grounds of definition, the self-described “party of the Macedonian minority in Greece”, Rainbow-Vinozhito, enjoys full recognition by the Greek state (and receives a negligible number of votes in elections). Vinozhito’s members are free to openly express their grievances and dissenting opinions.
The problem of FYROM is further compounded by the fact that a large proportion of its population, and a number of the Slavophone inhabitants of Greece, collaborated with the Italian and German occupation forces (1941-1944) [22] and by the rekindling of old family feuds and grievances dating back to the days of the Greek Civil War (1945-1949). These have nowadays resurfaced thanks to the bitter politics embraced by a third generation of politicians in Skopje, belonging for the most part to the nationalist VMRO-DPMNE party [16, 22]. Some of them, like current Prime Minister Nikola Gruevski, identify themselves as “Aegean Macedonian” (Egejski) political refugees, based on their family roots in Greek Macedonia [16]. At issue are claims for restitution and/or repatriation, subjects that other states with autonomist Axis collaborators (such as the Czech Republic and Poland) refuse even to discuss [22, 23]. Whilst during the past thirty years the Greeks have managed to heal some of the Civil War wounds, there are still fresh memories, even among members of the Greek Communist Party, about the subversive actions of Makedonski autonomist bandsmen of NOF endangering the territorial integrity of Greek Macedonia. By playing the Egejski card half a century later, in the midst of negotiations over the thorny ‘name issue’, Skopje shows an increasingly intransigent and confrontational -rather than constructive- approach.
We conclude by emphasizing that sensationalism and sheer bias, as displayed in Friedman’s interview, serve neither historical truth nor a constructive scholarly or political discourse; and they certainly do not help the people of FYROM. No intellectual and scholar should feel comfortable accepting, let alone promoting, such rhetoric.
ENDNOTES
1. Victor Friedman on Macedonia: the Balkanalysis.com Interview
http://www.balkanalysis.com/2008/12/14/victor-friedman-on-macedonia-the-balkanalysiscom-interview/
2. “Byzantium nurtured the untamed tribes of the Serbs, Bulgars, Russians and Croats and shaped them into nations. It gave them its religion, its institutions, its traditions, and taught their leaders how to govern. Indeed, [Byzantium] gave them the essence of culture –written language/script and philology.” F. Dvornik, Les Slaves, Byzance et Rome au IXe siècle, II, Paris 1928 and P.P. Charanis, The development of Byzantine Studies in the United States. Acceptance lecture by Professor P. Charanis upon his conferral of Doctor honoris causa by the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (14.3.1972), Thessaloniki, 1973, 34. Cited in Achille Lazarou, Ellinismos kai Laoi Notioanatolikis (NA) Evropis. Diachronikes kai Diepistimonikes Diadromes. Tomos A’. Lychnia Publishers, Athens, 2009, p. 218 [ISBN 978-960-930950-9].
3. Antonios-Emilios Tahiaos O Athonitis Monahos Maximos o Graikos. O Teleftaios ton Vyzantinon sti Rossia, published by the Society for Macedonian Studies, People's Library, Thessaloniki 2008.
http://www.ems.gr/ems/client/userfiles/file/EKDOSEIS/MAKEDONIKI_LAIKI_BIBLIOTHIKI/Taxiaos_Maximos_Graikos.pdf
4. Before coming to Moscow, the Greek brothers studied in Venice and Padua. At the Moscow Academy, Ioanniky taught physics while his brother Sofrony taught physics and logic in the Aristotelian tradition, while also emphasizing the works of Byzantine philosophers. The Greek brothers embodied the so-called "Greek" trend that prevailed in Russian culture prior to the radical reforms introduced by Peter the Great. Unlike the "Latin" tradition, which emanated from medieval Western scholasticism with a slant toward rhetoric and poetry, the Greek trend focused heavily on philosophy, history, and natural sciences. The rich and fertile rivalry between these two scholarly and scientific traditions was a prevailing feature of Russian culture during the late 17th century [Source: Alexander Vucinich, Science in Russian Culture: A History to 1860, Stanford University Press, 1963]
5. P. Matalas, Ethnos kai Orthodoxia. Oi peripeteies mias schesis. Apo to ‘Elladiko’ sto Voulgariko schisma. Panepistimiakes Ekdoseis Kritis, 2002
6. Lukas D. Tsitsipis. A linguistic anthropology of praxis and language shift: Arvanítika (Albanian)
and Greek in contact. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1998. Also, see Victor Friedman's “The Albanian Language in Its Eastern Diaspora.” Arvanitika kai Ellenika: Zetemata polyglossikon kai polypolitismikon koinoteton [Greek: Arvanitika and Greek: Problems of multilingual and multicultural communities],
Vol. 2, ed. by Loukas Tsitsipis. Livadeia, Greece: European Union & The Prefecture of Levadeia, 1998,
pp. 215-231.
7. Kostas Kazazis' obituary by Victor Friedman posted on the website of Society Farsarotul, a United States-based political activist group promoting the so-called independent Aromanian movement http://www.farsarotul.org/nl25_5.htm
8. Antonis M. Koltsidas' monograph entitled Greek Education in Monastir – Pelagonia Organisation and Operation of Greek Schools, Cultural Life. [English Translation by Janet Koniordos] published by the Society for Macedonian Studies, Macedonian Library - 105, Thessaloniki 2008 http://www.ems.gr/ems/client/userfiles/file/EKDOSEIS/MAKEDONIKI_BIBLIOTHIKI/Koltsidas_Monastiri_Pelagonia.pdf
9. See Christos D. Katsetos’ article entitled Vlahoi. Rahokokalia tou Ellinikou ethnous (Vlachs - The backbone of the Greek nation) published in the Athens newspaper Apogevmatini (on 11 November, 2007, p. 17) http://www.vlahoi.net/content/view/257/109/
10. See the excerpt from the Introduction of J.N. Adams' book.
http://assets.cambridge.org/97805218/17714/excerpt/9780521817714_excerpt.pdf
11. See Rochette's treatise Les Romains et le latin vus par les Grecs.
http://www2b.ac-lille.fr/langues-anciennes/telechargement/20Latinetgrec4eme.pdf
12. See Lazarou, op. cit., p. 293 [vide supra]. Prokopios Dimitrios Pamperis Moschopolitis, «Απαρίθμησις Λογίων Γραικών», Hamburg, 1772. Reprinted by Karavias Publishers, Athens, 1966 http://www.rarebooks.com.gr/book.asp?catid=361
13. Theodoros Kavaliotis, founder of the New Academy of Moschopolis, was the author of a quadrilingual dictionary entitled Protopiria. Das dreisprächige Wörterverzeichnis von Theodoros Anastasiu Kavalliotes aus Moschopolis, gedruckt 1770 in Venedig: albanisch-deutsch-neugriechischich-aromunisch/ neu bearbeit, mit dem heutigen Zustande der albanischen Schriftsprache verglichen_ [Protopiria (Πρωτοπειρία)= Primer. Three Lists of Words in Three Languages, which was printed in 1770 in Venice: Albanian-German-Modern ('Nea') Greek-Armîn/Vlach; New edition, with the today's Situation of the Albanian written Language].
14. Thomas Paschidis, «Οι Αλβανοί και το μέλλον αυτών εν τω Ελληνισμώ - Μετά παραρτήματος περί των Ελληνοβλάχων και Βουλγάρων», υπό Θ. Πασχίδου [Shqiptarët dhe e ardhmja e tyre në helenizëm - Me shtesë mbi grekovllehtë dhe bullgarët] Th. Paskidu, 1879 [The Albanians and their future in Hellenism -With an appendix on Grecovlachs and Bulgarians]. Reprinted by Karavias Publishers, Athens, 1981 http://www.rarebooks.com.gr/book.asp?catid=356
http://www.shqiptarortodoks.com/tekste/albanologji/Paskidu_1879.pdf
15. Mihail Lambrinidis, «Οι Αλβανοί κατά την κυρίως Ελλάδα και την Πελοπόννησον (Ύδρα-Σπέτσαι)», υπό Μιχαήλ Λαμπρυνίδου, 1907[Shqiptarët në Greqinë qendrore dhe në Peloponez Mihail Lambrinidou, 1907] [The Albanians in Mainland Greece and Peloponnese (Hydra-Spetsae)]. Reprinted by Karavias Publishers, Athens, 1981 http://www.rarebooks.com.gr/book.asp?catid=357
http://www.shqiptarortodoks.com/tekste/albanologji/Lambrinidu.pdf
16. See analysis by Dr. Evangelos Kofos of the ICG Report “Macedonia’s Name: Breaking the Deadlock” http://blogs.eliamep.gr/en/kofos/analysis-icg-report-macedonia’s-name-breaking-the-deadlock/#more-92
Also, see essay by the same author entitled 'The Unresolved “Difference over the Name”: The Greek perspective'. In: Kofos E, Vlasidis V (Eds) Athens-Skopje: An Uneasy Symbiosis, 1995-2002. Research Centre for Macedonian History and Documentation at the Museum of the Macedonian Struggle, Thessaloniki, 2005 http://www.macedonian-heritage.gr/InterimAgreement/Downloads/Interim_Kofos.pdf
17. See claims about the ‘Sub-Saharan origin of the Greeks’ in state-sponsored ethnogenetic studies.
http://www.makedonika.org/processpaid.aspcontentid=ti.2001.pdf
18. Kofos, ibid
19 Vance Stojcev. Voena Istorija Na Makedonija: Skici. Sojuzot na drustvata na istoricarite na RM i Voenata akademija General Mihailo Apostolski, ISBN 9989776075 (9989-776-07-5)/ Military History of Macedonia. Military Academy General Mihailo Apostolski, ISBN 9989134057 (9989-134-05-7)
20. Excerpted from the letter of Dr. Rouman to the New Hampshire Governor Craig Benson (dated 2002). Dr. Rouman was for five years, both at the University of Wisconsin at Madison and at the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton, research assistant during Professor Charles F. Edson's protracted and difficult project, focusing on the editing of all the inscriptions of ancient Thessalonica from the third century B.C. to the seventh or eighth century A.D. for the German Academy of Berlin. For his meritorious contribution Dr. Edson was awarded the prestigious Charles Goodwin Award of Merit of the American Philological Association.
21. Brian Joseph (1999), Ancient Greek in: J. Garry, C. Rubino, A. Faber, R. French (editors), Facts About the World's Languages: An Encyclopedia of the World's Major Languages: Past and Present, New York/Dublin, H. W. Wilson Press, 2001
22. See article by Aristide D. Caratzas titled Oi nazistikes rizes tou VMRO (the Nazi origins of VMRO) published in the Athens newspaper Ethnos (2.8.2009)
http://www.ethnos.gr/article.asp?catid=11378&subid=2&tag=8334&pubid=1370687
Also, see article by the same author entitled “Why the Greek People Cannot Easily Accept FYROM’s Claims” published in The National Herald (30.8.2009)
http://rieas.gr/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=739&Itemid=41
23. See commentary by Evangelos Kofos titled “Unexpected Initiatives: Towards the resettlement of a Slav-Macedonian minority in Macedonia?” (Originally published in the Athens newspaper To Vima on June 25 , 2003) http://www.macedonian-heritage.gr/Opinion/comm_20030710Kofos.html
SIGNATURES
Martis, Nikolaos, Former Minister of Macedonia/Thrace.
Agathos, Spiros N., Professor, Catholic University of Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, BELGIUM.
Albrecht-Piliouni, Effie, Professor of Linguistics, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.
Albrecht, Ulrich, Professor of Mathematics, Auburn University, Auburn, AL USA.
Anagnostopoulos, Stavros A., Professor of Civil Engineering, Head, University of Patras, 26500, Patras, GREECE.
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Andreadis, Stelios T., Ph.D., Professor, Bioengineering Laboratory, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, New York, USA.
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Arkas Evangelos, Ph.D., CEO Prometheus Technology Inc. London, UK.
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Baloglou, George, Associate Professor of Mathematics (retired, SUNY
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Balopoulos, Victor, Associate Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Thrace, GREECE.
Barbas, John T., Ph.D., Professor of Chemistry, Valdosta State University, Valdosta, GA, USA.
Billis, Euripides, Ph.D., Assistant Professor, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, GREECE.
Bitros, George C., Professor of Economics, Emeritus, Department of Economics, Athens, University of Economics and Business, Athens, GREECE.
Botsas, Lefteris N., Ph.D., Professor Emeritus, Economics Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, USA.
Boundas, Constantin V., Professor Emeritus, Department of Philosophy, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, CANADA.
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Bronstein, Arna, Associate Professor of Russian, Dept. of Languages, Literatures and Cultures, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA.
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Cacoullos, Theophilos, Emeritus Professor, University of Athens, Athens, GREECE.
Caratzas, Aristide D., Historian, Academic Publisher, Athens/New York.
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Cladis, John B., Ph.D. in Nuclear Physics, Lockheed Martin Space Physics Lab, Palo Alto, California, USA.
Clairmont, Richard, Dr., Senior Lecturer of Classics, University of NH, USA.
Constantinides, Christos, Professor Emeritus, Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wyoming, USA.
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Demopoulos, George P., Ph.D., Eng., FCIM, Professor and Gerald Hatch Faculty Fellow,
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Karageorgis, Demetris, Information Science Teacher, Nicosia, CYPRUS.
Karagiannidis, Iordanis, Ph.D., Assistant Researcher, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Karakatsanis, Theoklitos S., Ph.D., Electrical Engineer N.T.U.A, Assistant Professor D.U.TH., Dept. of Production Engineering & Management, School of Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, GREECE.
Karatzios, Christos, M.D. C.M., FRCPC, Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, McGill University Health Centre, Division of Infectious Diseases, Montreal Children's Hospital; Associate Member, Special Immunology Division, Centre Universitaire Mere-Enfant de l'Hopital Ste Justine, University of Montreal, Quebec, CANADA.
Karayanni, Despina A., Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Marketing, University of Patras, Department of Business Administration, GREECE.
Karpathakis, Anna, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Sociology, CUNY, New York, USA.
Katsetos, Christos D., M.D., Ph.D., FRCPath, Professor of Pathology, Drexel University College of Medicine and St. Christopher’s Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
Katsifarakis, Konstantinos L., Ph.D., Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GREECE.
Katsifis, Spiros, Ph.D., FACFE, Associate Professor and Chair, Department of Biology, University of Bridgeport Bridgeport, CT, USA.
Katsoufis, Elias C., Associate Professor of Physics, School of Applied Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, GREECE.Katsouris, Andreas, Professor of Ancient Greek Philology, Division of Classical Philology, University of Ioannina, GREECE.
Kitridou, Rodanthi C., MD, FACP, MACR Professor Emerita of Medicine (Rheumatology), USC Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Komodromos, Petros, Lecturer, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering University of Cyprus, CYPRUS.
Konstantatos (Kostas), Demosthenes J., Ph.D., M.Sc., M.B.A., Telecommunications, Greenwich, CT, USA.
Kottis, George C., Emeritus Professor, Athens University of Economics and Business Science, Athens, GREECE.
Kugiumtzis, Dimitris, Assistant Professor, Department of Mathematical, Physical and Computational Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GREECE.
Koussis, Antonis D., Ph.D., Research Director, Institute for Environmental Research, National Observatory of Athens, Metaxa & Vassileos Pavlou, GR - 152 36 Palaia Penteli, Athens, GREECE.
Koutroumbas, Konstantinos, Ph.D., Researcher, Institute for Space Applications & Remote Sensing, National Observatory of Athens, Palea Penteli, 15236 ATHENS-GREECE.
Koutselini, Mary, Dr , Department of Education, University of Cyprus, CYPRUS.
Kouzoudis, Dimitris, Lecturer, Engineering Sciences Department, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, GREECE.
Kritas, Spyridon K., DVM, Ph.D., Dipl. ECPHM Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, GREECE.
Kritikos, Haralambos N., Professor Emeritus, Department of Systems and Electrical Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA.
Kyriacou, George A., Associate Professor, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Xanthi, GREECE.
Kyriakou, Anastasia, Plant Pathologist, Agricultural Research Institute, Lefcosia, CYPRUS.
Ladikos, Anastasios, Professor, Department of Criminology and Security Sciences, University of South Africa, Pretoria, SOUTH AFRICA.
Lagoudakis, Michail G., Assistant Professor, Technical University of Crete, Chania, GREECE.
Lambrinos, Panos, Professor of Mathematics, School of Engineering, Democritus, University of Thrace, Xanthi, GREECE.
Lampropoulos, George A., Ph.D. Adjunct Professor, ECE Dept., University of Calgary, CANADA.
Lampropoulou, Venetta, Professor of Deaf Education, Deaf Studies Unit, Department of Education, University of Patras, GREECE.
Lazaridis, Anastas, Professor Emeritus, Widener University, One University Place, Chester, PA 19013, USA.
Leventouri, Theodora, Dr., Professor, Department of Physics, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA.
Lialiaris, Theodore S., BSc, MD, Ph.D., Assoc. Professor of Medical Biology and Cytogenetics, Medical School of Democritus University of Thrace, GREECE.
Lolos, George J., Professor, Physics Department, University of Regina, CANADA.
Lymberopoulos, John Ph.D., Leeds School Summer Dean, Professor of International Business & Finance Leeds School of Business, University of Colorado at Boulder, USA.
Manias, Stefanos, Professor, National Technical University of Athens, Dep. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Electrical Machines and Power electronics Laboratory, Athens, GREECE.
Manolopoulos, Vangelis G., Assoc. Professor of Pharmacology, Democritus University of Thrace, Medical School, Alexandroupolis, GREECE.
Maragos, Petros, Professor, National Technical University of Athens,
School of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Athens , GREECE.
Melakopides, Costas, Associate Professor of International Relations, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, CYPRUS.
Mermigas, Eleftherios, Professor, ASCP, Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University at Buffalo NY, USA.
Metallinos-Katsaras, Elizabeth, Ph.D. RD, Associate Professor, Nutrition Department,
Simmons College, Boston MA, USA.
Michaelides, Stathis, Ph.D., P.E. Professor and Chair, Mechanical Engineering University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio, TX, USA.
Michailidis, Dimitri, M.D., Gen.Surgeon, President, ELEFI (Hellenic Association of Pharmaceutical Physicians), President, Auditors Committee, Hellenic Society of Pharmacology, Member, EB IFAPP, GREECE.
Michopoulos, Aristotle, Dr., Greek Studies, Hellenic College, Brookline, MA, USA.
Miller, Stephen G., Professor Emeritus, Classical Archaeology, University of California, Berkeley CA, USA.
Mylonakou-Kekes Iro, Assistant Professor, Department of Educational, Sciences, Faculty of Primary Education, University of Athens, 13A Navarinou, 10680 ATHENS, GREECE.
Milonas, Nikolaos, Professor of Finance, University of Athens, Marousi, GREECE.
Moulopoulos, Konstantinos, Dr., Associate Professor of Physics, University of Cyprus, CYPRUS.
Mourtos, Nikos J., Ph.D., Professor, Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, San Jose State University, One Washington Square San Jose, CA, USA.
Nasis, Vasileios T., Ph.D., Adjunct Professor, Drexel University College of Engineering, Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
Nenes, Athanasios, Associate Professor, Schools of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA.
Newman, Constantine, Reverent Dr., Classics Professor-University of New Hampshire, USA.
Newman Anna, Professor of Classics-University of New Hampshire, USA.
Nikolakopoulos, Konstantin, Professor, Institute of Orthodox Theology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, GERMANY.
Panagiotakopoulos, Chris T., B.Sc., Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Educational Technology, University of Patras - School of Humanities and Social Sciences
Department of Education, Archemedes Str., 265 04 Rio Patras, GREECE.
Panagiotakopoulos, Demetrios, Professor of Civil Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Xanthi, GREECE.
Panagiotopoulos, Dimitrios P., Assoc. Professor, University of Athens, Attorney-at-Law, President of International Association of Sports Law, GREECE.
Papadopoulos, George K., Ph.D., Professor of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Epirus Institute of Technology, Arta, 47100, GREECE.
Papadopoulos, George, Professor Emeritus, Applied Electronics Laboratory, Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Patras, GREECE.
Papadopoulos, Kyriakos, Ph.D., Professor, Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA.
Papamarkos, Nikos, Professor, Democritus University of Thrace, School of Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, GREECE.
Papavassiliou, Dimitrios P., MD, Assistant Professor of Clinical Pediatrics
Pediatric Cardiology, Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital of New York-Presbyterian
Columbia University Medical Center. New York, NY, USA.
Papazoglou, Georges, Professor of Palaeography, Chairman - Department History and Ethnology, Democritus University of Thrace, KOMOTINI, GREECE.
Patitsas, Steve, Ph.D., Assoc. Professor, Physics Department, University of Lethbridge,
4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, Alberta, T1K 3M4, CANADA.
Patitsas, Tom Athanasios, Professor Emeritus, Department of Physics and Astronomy Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, CANADA.
Pelekanos, Nikos, Professor of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion-Crete, GREECE.
Pelides, Panayiotis, Ph.D., Consultant Anesthesiologist, American Heart Institute, Nicosia, CYPRUS.
Persephonis, Peter, Professor, Physics Department, University of Patras, GREECE.
Phufas, Ellene S., Professor, English/Humanities SUNY- ECC Buffalo, NY, USA.
Pintelas, Panagiotis E., Professor of Computer Science, Dept. of Mathematics, University of Patras, Patras, GREECE.
Pittas, Stamatios, Head of Marketing Dept., KOSTEAS GROUP OF COMPANIES, Chalkis, GREECE.
Plionis, Manolis, Ph.D., Research Director, Institute of Astronomy & Astrophysics, National Observatory of Athens, GREECE.
Pnevmatikatos, Dionysios, Assoc. Professor, ECE Department, Technical University of Crete, GREECE.
Polychroniadis, K.E., Professor, Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GREECE.
Poularikas, Alexander D., Professor Emeritus (University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama), Houston, Texas, USA.
Pozios, John LL.B., MBA, Director, Desautels Centre for Private Enterprise and the Law, Faculty of Law, University of Manitoba, CANADA.
Psaras, GK, Ph.D., Professor, Section of Plant Biology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, Patras, GR 265 00, GREECE.
Psyrri, Amanda, MD, Assistant Professor of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
Rantsios, Apostolos T., Ph.D., Dipl., Past President, World Veterinary Association, Marousi, GREECE.
Rapsomanikis, S., Ph.D., Professor, Director, Laboratory of Atmospheric Pollution, Control Engineering of Atmospheric Pollutants, Department of Environmental Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Xanthi, GREECE.
Raptis, Aristotle, Professor, University of Athens, GREECE.
Rigas, Fotis, Ph.D., Associate Professor, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, GREECE.
Roilides, Emmanuel, MD, PhD., Assoc. Professor, 3rd Dept. Pediatrics, University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, GREECE.
Romanos, Michael, Ph.D., Professor of Economic Development, School of Planning, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Rontoyannis, George P., Professor, Dept. Phys Ed Sports, Science University of Thessaly, GREECE.
Rouman, John C., Dr., Professor Emeritus of Classics.
Sarafopoulos Dimitrios, Associate Professor, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Xanthi, GREECE.
Samaras George, Professor, USA.
Samothrakis, Periandros, Ph.D., P.E., Hydraulic Engineer, Frederick, Maryland, USA.
Sapatinas, Theofanis, BSc, MSc, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Statistics, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, CYPRUS.
Savvas, Minas, Professor Emeritus, San Diego State University, SanDiego, CA, USA.
Siafarikas Panayiotis, Professor, Department of Mathematics, University of Patras Patras, GREECE.
Sideris, Kosmas, Ph.D., Civil Engineer Lecturer, Democritus University of Thrace, Xanthi, GREECE.
Simitses, George J., Professor Emeritus of Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Siolas, John G., Ph.D., Educator, New York, USA.
Sivitanides, Marcos P., Ph.D., CCP. Associate Professor, Information Systems, McCoy College of Business, Texas State University San Marcos, Texas, USA.
Skias, Stylianos G., Assist. Professor, Democritus University of Thrace, GREECE.
Skodras, A. N., Professor, Head of Computer Science, School of Science & Technology
Hellenic Open University, 13-15 Tsamadou, GR-26222 Patras, GREECE.
Sotiropoulou, Georgia, PhD, Assoc. Professor, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Rion-Patras 26500, GREECE.
Staikos, Georgios, Assoc. Professor, Laboratory of Organic Chemical Technology
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, University Campus – Rion, GR - 265 04 Patras, GREECE.
Stamatoyannopoulos, George, M.D., Dr., Sci., Professor of Medicine and Genome Sciences, Director, Markey Molecular Medicine Center, K-240 Health Sciences Building, Box 357720, Seattle, WA 98195-7720, USA.
Stamboliadis, Elias, Associate Professor, Mineral Resources, Engineering Dept, Technical University of Crete University, Campus Chania, Crete, GREECE.
Stavrou, Esther, Ph.D., Associate Clinical Professor, Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York, USA.
Stephanopoulos, Greg W.H., Dow Professor, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Syrimis, Michael, Assistant Professor, Department of French and Italian, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
Tassios, Dimitrios, Professor Emeritus, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, GREECE.
Tavouktsoglou, Athanasios N., Ph.D., Professor, Concordia University, College of Alberta, CANADA.
Templar, Marcus A., M.A., M.S., Balkans expert, Illinois, USA.
Thramboulidis, Kleanthis, Assoc. Professor, Software Engineering Group (SEG) - Electrical & Computer, University of Patras, PATRAS, GREECE.
Triantaphyllopoulos, Demetrios D., Professor, Department of Archaeology and History,
University of Cyprus, CYPRUS.
Tryphonopoulos, Demetres P., A/Dean, School of Graduate Studies, Professor, Dept. of English, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, N.B., CANADA.
Tsakiridou, Cornelia A., Ph.D., Associate Professor, Philosophy, Director, Diplomat-In-Residence Program, La Salle University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Tsatsanifos, Christos, Ph.D., Civil Engineering MSc., D.I.C. M.ASCE. Athens, GREECE.
Tsigas-Fotinis, Vasiliki, Ph.D., Professor of Education, Caldwell College, Caldwell, New Jersey, USA.
Tsihrintzis, Vassilios A., Ph.D., P.E., P.H., Professor of Ecological Engineering & Technology, Director, Laboratory of Ecological Engineering & Tehnology, Chairman, Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Xanthi 67100, GREECE.
Tsaroucha, Alexandra, MD, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Surgery, Democritus University of Thrace, Xanthi 67100, GREECE.
Tsinganos, Kanaris, Professor, Department of Physics, University of Athens, Athens, GREECE.
Tsohantaridis, Timotheos, Ph.D., Professor of Biblical Studies and Greek, George Fox University, Newberg, Oregon, USA.
Valanides, Nicos (visiting scholar at DePaul University, Chicago, USA), Associate Professor (Science Education), Nicosia, CYPRUS.
Velivasakis, Emmanuel E., PE, FASCE, President, PANCRETAN ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA & HELLENIC AMERICAN NATIONAL COUNCIL, New York, USA.
Vardulakis, Antonis, Professor, Department of Mathematics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GREECE.
Varkaraki, Elli, Ph.D., Senior Researcher, Centre for Renewable Energy Sources, GREECE.
Vasilos, Thomas, Professor Emeritus, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Massachusetts, USA.
Velgakis, Michael, Professor of Physics, Engineering Science Dept., University of Patras, Patras, GREECE.
Vlavianos, Nickie, Assistant Professor, Faculty of Law, University of Calgary, Calgary, CA, USA.
Vomvas, Athanassios, Associate Professor, Department of Physics, University of Patras
26500 Patras, GREECE.
Voudrias, Evangelos A., Professor, Department of Environmental Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, GREECE.
Vrongistinos, Konstantinos, Ph.D., Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, 18111 Nordhoff St., California State University, Northridge, CA, USA.
Yannopoulos, Panayotis C., Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Patras, GREECE.
Yiacoumettis, Andreas M., Assoc. Professor, Plastic Surgery, Democritus University of Thrace, Secretary General ESPRAS ExCo, President 11th ESPRAS CONGRESS, President UEMS Section Plast. Rec.& Aesthetic Surgery, GREECE.
Ypsilanti, Maria, Assistant Professor of Ancient Greek Literature, University of Cyprus, Dept. of Classical Studies and Philosophy, PO Box 20537, 1678, Nicosia, CYPRUS.
Zavos, Panayiotis, Professor Emeritus, Reproductive Medicine & Andrology, Lexington, KY, USA.
Zervakis, Michalis, Professor of Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Technical University of Crete, Chania, GREECE.
Zervos, Nicholas A., Ph.D., Director, Adv. Multimedia ALGOSYSTEMS, Athens, GREECE.
Zotou, Vassiliki, Ph.D., Language and Linguistics, University of Thessaly, Volos, GREECE.
* Hellenic Electronic Center (HEC) www.greece.org is a non-profit (IRS 501 (c )3 (51-0377653) US organization with 38,000 members and 90 forums. The Professors' and PhDs' forum has a membership of 5,000 academics from 18 countries. One of the objectives of HEC as well as the Professors' forum is to defend Hellenic history, language, and culture and inform the global community on these issues.
Ime romeos e xeuro plus glose Fazio degli Uberti, Il Dittamondo, 3.23.36
March, 2009
In his interview on Balkanalysis.com (12/14/2008) [1], Linguistics professor and Balkan Studies scholar Victor Friedman portrays Greeks as a most undemocratic and oppressive nation, from ancient to present time, and places the role of Greece in the Balkans in a most negative light. The core of his arguments seems to lie in what he considers suppression of multilingualism and minorities in Greece, which he associates with the current dispute between Greece and the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) on the name of the latter country. As scholars and academics, some of us students of Macedonian history and culture, we wish to offer an alternative perspective and rebut Friedman’s views and assertions in regard to the identity of the modern Greek nation and the true nature of the current dispute between Greece and FYROM. It should be noted that, prior to our decision to write this letter, we invited Dr. Friedman to debate his views in the Hellenic Electronic Center/Professors’ Forum*, but he declined our invitation.
Friedman’s overt bias is best exemplified in his remark “Greeks get away with this ‘cradle of democracy’ image! Give me a break! Ancient Greece was a slave-owning society,” which defies further comment. It is indeed unfortunate that such a statement came from a scholar.
We will not respond with similar sensationalism here. Rather, we will remain close to the facts and scholarly sources, and address those points made by Friedman which might sound reasonable to a reader who is not familiar with the past and the recent history of the Southern Balkan region.
1) Friedman states that “Greeks have been trying to destroy the Slavic culture and its literacy since the Middle Ages”.
Quite to the contrary, the Greeks of Byzantium and the post-byzantine period immensely and crucially contributed to the development of the Slavic cultures of Russia, Bulgaria, and Serbia, during their conversion to Christianity [2]. Remarkably, Friedman neglects to acknowledge that the written Slavic languages were developed by two Byzantine Greek monastic scholars and linguists, Cyril and Methodius of Thessaloniki. Among others, Friedman also displays sheer disregard for: a) the pivotal contributions to Russian literature and philosophy by 15th century Athonite luminary monk Maximus Graecus (Μάξιμος ο Γραικός) [3]; b) the learned Greek brothers, Ioanniky and Sofrony Likhud (Λειχούδη), founders of Moscow’s first institution of higher learning, the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy, in 1687 [4]; and c) the centuries-old devotion of the Mother Church (Patriarchate of Constantinople) and Greek clergy to their Slav brethren, as embodied in the published works of the 19th century influential theologian and scholar Konstantinos Oeconomos (Κωνσταντίνος Οικονόμος εξ Οικονόμων)[5], a strong advocate of the historical ties and close kinship between Greeks and Slavs through the centuries.
2) In his rather bookish and rigidly circumscribed view about linguistically divergent constituencies in Greece, Friedman challenges the very essence of Modern Greek identity by disregarding –in a historical sense– the inclusive tradition of Romiosyni, the natural precursor of the Modern Greek nation. The concept of Romiosyni is, in many respects, akin to a 'Greek Commonwealth’, which transcends racial, tribal, and regional linguistic barriers. In failing to bring this concept into consideration when it comes to the historical context of multilingualism in the Balkan region, Friedman echoes earlier claims by—let us note—Greek scholars such as the late Loukas Tsitsipis [6] of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki and the late Kostas Kazazis [7] of the University of Chicago. Friedman – who is no stranger to Arvanitika, Vlahika and Slavonic dialects in the geographic region of Macedonia– fails to acknowledge that linguistically variegated groups such as Vlach-, Arvanite-, and Slavonic speakers in Macedonia, members of the Ottoman Rum millet and loyal followers of the Patriarchate of Constantinople, were not "Hellenized" subjects (by way of coercive or repressive assimilation) but rather they comprised dominant forces decisively partaking in the fermentation process leading to the shaping of Modern Greek identity and the dissemination of Greek letters in Ottoman Rumelia long before the eruption of ethnic feuds, divisions, and regional nationalisms [8, 9].
3) Friedman alludes to Greek indifference or even resistance to learning foreign languages, unlike other Balkan peoples. It is surprising that a Linguistics scholar uses the (presumed) lack of a Greek proverb to the effect that ‘languages are wealth’ as evidence that Greeks do not value multilingualism. This kind of rhetoric does not constitute a sound linguistic argument, and though possibly appealing to a lay-person, it reflects a way of thinking (called “strong relativism”) that has been largely discredited in current Linguistics.
To go back to scholarly sources, in his book “Bilingualism and the Latin Language” Cambridge University Press, 2003 [10], John N. Adams, Senior Research Fellow of All Souls College, Oxford, asserts that whilst "it has long been the conventional opinion that Greeks were indifferent or hostile to the learning of foreign languages, recently it has been shown that that view is far from the truth. Latin in particular was widely known, as has been demonstrated by Holford-Strevens and on a massive scale by Rochette.” [11]
With reference to the modern history of the Greek Nation (Γένος), members of the Rum millet and Romiosyni, ranging from those belonging to the high echelon of diplomats and luminaries of the Sublime Porte (viz. the Phanariots) to the ubiquitous Balkan merchants and retailers in the Ottoman Rumelia, were in fact polyglot (Greek-, Vlach-, Albanian-, Slavonic-, and/or Turkish-speaking, many of them acquainted with Russian, French, German and/or English). Noteworthy in this regard was the precocious (18th century) Greek ‘renaissance’ in Moschopolis/Moscopole (present day Albania) [12] and the 19th/early 20th century Greek cultural dimension in Pelagonia (Krushevo and Monastir/Bitola; present day FYROM) [8, 9]. These centers fostered the dissemination of Greek culture and letters, promoted by bilingual or polyglot speakers with fervent Greek national identity. Vestiges from this, once flourishing, community are still present today in FYROM.
The famous Protopiria (Primer), an Albanian-German-Modern Greek-Vlach dictionary written by the polymath cleric and scholar Theodoros Anastasiou Kavaliotis (Kavalliotes) [13], was the forerunner of comparative linguistics in the Balkans. It was printed in 1770 in Venice, and stands as a reminder of the widespread multilingualism in the flourishing Grecovlach center of Moschopolis/Moscopole and across the territories of the Ottoman Rumelia (the geographical region of Macedonia included).
Reference is made herein to the published works by Thomas Paschidis (1879) [14] and Mihail Lanbrinydis (1907) [15], which capture the collective memories of Arvanite and Vlach Greeks during the second half of the 19th century and the early 20th century. These works offer a palpable proof of the Greek-Albanian kinship perceived by the 19th century Greek scholars. Noteworthy in this regard are the demonstrative sentiments of Thomas Paschidis, a bilingual -possibly polyglot- Greek Epirote/Arvanite luminary, towards his Grecovlach and Bulgarian brethren. His book contains an appendix in Arvanitika using Greek characters, which is especially informative and enlightening [14].
Given the above, we contend that claims for the presence of divergent identities of Greeks, Arvanites, Vlachs, and so-called Macedonian Slavs, based solely on linguistic grounds, should be viewed with cautious circumspection and within the context of time and space. In particular, it is somewhat surprising that Friedman did not consider the massive diffusion of Arbëreshë (Arvanite) speakers southward into the Helladic Mainland and the Peloponnese during the 14th and 15th centuries (and the most relevant Stradioti saga). Τhe remarkable fermentation and integration of Arbëreshë/Shqiptarë-speaking populations with Greek-, Vlach/Armîn-, and Slavonic-speaking members of the Rum millet during the ensuing centuries remains at the core of Romiosyni and Modern Greek ethnogenesis.
Thus, from a modern historic and anthropological perspective, the rigidly circumscribed and sharply delimited ethno-linguistic ‘definitions’ and compartmentalizations brought forward by Friedman are open to critical reappraisal. Importantly, they are, to a large extent, alien and irrelevant to the Greeks of Arvanite or Vlach origin, whose identity has been shaped by their collective participation in the Modern Greek Experience during the past two (and possibly more) centuries.
The "Declaration of the Northern Epirotes from the Districts of Korytsa and Kolonia Demanding Union of Their Native Province with Greece -- Pan-Epirotic Union in America, (Boston, 1919)" is a testament to the perception of their Greek identity among Albanian-, Vlach- and Greek speakers in Southern Albania/Northern Epirus http://www.helleniccomserve.com/pdf/Declaration%20of%20Northern%20Epirotes%20in%2019%5B1%5D...pdf
Whilst the vision of the 18th century Grecovlach luminary Rigas Velestinlis Thettalos (Feraios) for the creation of a post-Ottoman Balkan Federation/Commonwealth, transcending regional and linguistic differences, did not materialize, the idea –nonetheless- reflected the sentiment of many emancipated Greeks at the time. But the ethnic/national ‘awakenings’ and the divisive forces were already underway, heralding the partial disintegration of Romiosyni followed by a protracted and intractable course of regional feuds and dissensions, which unfortunately live up to this day. The emergence of the ethnocentric national(istic) narrative of ‘Makedonism’ is symptomatic of delayed ‘awakening’ thanks –in part- to the contributions by scholars like Dr. Victor Friedman.
4) Friedman’s argument that “the Greeks came up with a line claiming the Macedonians could not claim the name Macedonia unless they were descended from the Ancient Macedonians” is a sheer misrepresentation. The basis of the dispute between Greece and FYROM lies on the open attempt by the FYROM government to appropriate a very significant part of the Greek history (see examples: http://faq.macedonia.org/history/ and http://www.macedonia-timeless.com/). As part of its newly constructed national narrative, FYROM has opted to trace its historical roots to classical antiquity, underrating the predominantly Slavonic cultural heritage of the majority of its population, which is shared with its Bulgarian brethren. In the words of Dr. Evangelos Kofos, Greece’s leading authority on Modern Macedonian History, this all-encompassing doctrine of ‘Makedonism’ is “encroaching upon an illustrious past, which had been recorded in the annals of Hellenic heritage, almost a millennium prior to the arrival of Slavic tribes in the region” [16] (N.B. There was no Slavic presence in Macedonia until nearly 1,000 years after the time of Alexander the Great).
Aside from the grandiose ideations traceable to antiquity, there is yet another darker side to the ethnocentric national narrative of ‘Makedonism’. Central to the problem at hand is the morbid obsession with race, DNA, HLA haplotypes, and the likes, underlying a broader racial purity narrative. In the video below, one can see footage from a staged propaganda-style inspirational film titled “Makedonska Molitva” (Macedonian Prayer), which was aired on the government-run MTV1 - National TV, First Channel television station of Skopje. Note that the video culminates in a crescendo blending biblical apocalyptic delusions with overtly racial overtones from a different era. Thus, using Hellenized terms, the narrator speaks God's words to the children of the Sun and Flowers telling them that Mother Earth gave birth to three races: "Makedonjoide = white race, Mongoloide = yellow race, Negroide = black race (all others being mulattoes)." And God went on to say to the Makedontsi that, "All white people are your brethren because they carry 'Macedonian' genes." [17]
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PZJ62MGF7xI
It is indeed regrettable that Friedman has opted to downplay the gravity and long-term implications of a morbidly nationalistic narrative nurtured in the primary and secondary school curricula of FYROM.
Greeks throughout the world do not harbor any enmity or hostility toward FYROM nationals, and yearn for a peaceful and productive coexistence between the two peoples. Greece has an earnest desire for mutual respect and the realization of a lasting political solution with its northern neighbor. Greece does not deny the nationals of FYROM their identity (or identities). In this dispute, Greece is only compelled to delineate the distinction between the ethno-cultural domains of Greek Macedonia and FYROM. With this in mind, we wish that the people of FYROM start questioning the state propaganda and reflect upon their recent history. They were victimized for half a century under a totalitarian regime and were nurtured under a propagandistic educational system. In keeping with this entrenched tradition, Article 6 of the Law on the Scientific Research Activity, as published in the "Official Gazette of the Republic of Macedonia" Nos.13/96 and 29/02, proscribes the development of any scientific research on the ethnic identity of the citizens of FYROM. We believe that such obsessive preoccupation with national identity in the 21st century, coupled with misrepresentation of history, only harms the citizens of FYROM.
As a geographic region, Macedonia has long been known for its ethno-linguistic diversity for which the time-honored term “Macedonian salad” was coined. Hence, Macedonia is neither a single country nor the cradle of a single nation, but a geographic region (with protean borders throughout history) parts of which belong nowadays to three states, each with its distinctive cultural heritage, national identity, and collective memory. It is most disturbing that Skopje claims the entire geographic Macedonian region of modern times as part of that nation’s “tatkovina” (fatherland), thus effectively laying claim to unredeemed territories in Greek Macedonia [18]. This is not a “hidden agenda”. The government of FYROM has published and circulated a state map showing FYROM to extend over Greek territory, including Thessaloniki [19].
The Hellenic identity of ancient Macedonia is indisputable; it is supported by historical, archeological, and linguistic evidence. For the socio-political and historical facts, the most authoritative source is the classic work of the leading scholar on the history of ancient Macedonia, the late Prof. Nicholas Hammond's book, The Macedonian State, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1989. As regards the language, by 5th century B.C. Attic Greek was standardized as the language of Ancient Macedonia (Makedon). For instance, of the 1,044 inscriptions included in the fascicle Inscriptiones Thessalonicae et Viciniae (ISBN 3 11 0018594) –one of the most painstaking and complex volumes of the Berlin corpus, encompassing all the inscriptions of ancient Thessaloniki from the 3rd century B.C. to the 7th or 8th century A.D.– most are Greek, while a few are Latin (personal communication with Dr. John C. Rouman, Professor Emeritus of Classics at the University of New Hampshire) [20]. When considering the pre-5th century B.C. language (for which evidence is more fragmentary), the current consensus seems to be that it was a Hellenic dialect. The term “Hellenic” has been proposed by Professor Brian Joseph (Ohio State University, 1999, 2001) [21] to refer to the linguistic sub-family within the Indo-European languages that comprises Ancient Macedonian and the rest of the Greek dialects. This classification has been adopted by the LINGUIST list (the official electronic site of Linguistics); see
http://www.linguistlist.org/forms/langs/GetListOfAncientLgs.html and http://linguistlist.org/forms/langs/get-familyid.cfm?CFTREEITEMKEY=IEG
On the first site, it is additionally cautioned that “Macedonian is the ancient language of the Macedonian kingdom in northern Greece and modern Macedonia during the 1st millennium B.C. Not to be confused with the modern Macedonian language, which is a close relative of the Slavonic Bulgarian [emphasis ours].” For additional references on the subject, see G. Babiniotis, “Ancient Macedonian: The Place of Macedonian among the Greek Dialects” in : A. M. Tamis (ed.), Macedonian Hellenism, Melbourne 1990, pp. 241-250; C. Brixhe, A. Panayotou, “Le Macédonien” in: Langues indo-européennes, ed. Bader, Paris, 1994, 205–220; and J. Chadwick, The Prehistory of the Greek Language, Cambridge 1963.
5) Friedman’s assertion that the Greek State has implemented repressive measures against the “Macedonian minority” in Greece is politically motivated. Most importantly, it misrepresents the real demographic situation in the Northwestern prefectures of Greek Macedonia, by not taking into account the fact that the use of variant local Slavonic-like idioms/dialects is widespread among bilingual, indigenous Greek Macedonians with unambiguous Greek identity. These bilingual Greek Macedonians (also known as Grecomans or Grkmani) along with Grecovlachs were the backbone of Romiosyni and Hellenism in the region during the 19th and 20th centuries. Friedman should by now be cognizant of the fact that when it comes to Macedonian identities it ultimately boils down to choices of national affiliation, as, not infrequently, even members of the same family may profess divergent ethnic/national identities. And even though Greece disputes the existence of a “Macedonian minority” on the grounds of definition, the self-described “party of the Macedonian minority in Greece”, Rainbow-Vinozhito, enjoys full recognition by the Greek state (and receives a negligible number of votes in elections). Vinozhito’s members are free to openly express their grievances and dissenting opinions.
The problem of FYROM is further compounded by the fact that a large proportion of its population, and a number of the Slavophone inhabitants of Greece, collaborated with the Italian and German occupation forces (1941-1944) [22] and by the rekindling of old family feuds and grievances dating back to the days of the Greek Civil War (1945-1949). These have nowadays resurfaced thanks to the bitter politics embraced by a third generation of politicians in Skopje, belonging for the most part to the nationalist VMRO-DPMNE party [16, 22]. Some of them, like current Prime Minister Nikola Gruevski, identify themselves as “Aegean Macedonian” (Egejski) political refugees, based on their family roots in Greek Macedonia [16]. At issue are claims for restitution and/or repatriation, subjects that other states with autonomist Axis collaborators (such as the Czech Republic and Poland) refuse even to discuss [22, 23]. Whilst during the past thirty years the Greeks have managed to heal some of the Civil War wounds, there are still fresh memories, even among members of the Greek Communist Party, about the subversive actions of Makedonski autonomist bandsmen of NOF endangering the territorial integrity of Greek Macedonia. By playing the Egejski card half a century later, in the midst of negotiations over the thorny ‘name issue’, Skopje shows an increasingly intransigent and confrontational -rather than constructive- approach.
We conclude by emphasizing that sensationalism and sheer bias, as displayed in Friedman’s interview, serve neither historical truth nor a constructive scholarly or political discourse; and they certainly do not help the people of FYROM. No intellectual and scholar should feel comfortable accepting, let alone promoting, such rhetoric.
ENDNOTES
1. Victor Friedman on Macedonia: the Balkanalysis.com Interview
http://www.balkanalysis.com/2008/12/14/victor-friedman-on-macedonia-the-balkanalysiscom-interview/
2. “Byzantium nurtured the untamed tribes of the Serbs, Bulgars, Russians and Croats and shaped them into nations. It gave them its religion, its institutions, its traditions, and taught their leaders how to govern. Indeed, [Byzantium] gave them the essence of culture –written language/script and philology.” F. Dvornik, Les Slaves, Byzance et Rome au IXe siècle, II, Paris 1928 and P.P. Charanis, The development of Byzantine Studies in the United States. Acceptance lecture by Professor P. Charanis upon his conferral of Doctor honoris causa by the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (14.3.1972), Thessaloniki, 1973, 34. Cited in Achille Lazarou, Ellinismos kai Laoi Notioanatolikis (NA) Evropis. Diachronikes kai Diepistimonikes Diadromes. Tomos A’. Lychnia Publishers, Athens, 2009, p. 218 [ISBN 978-960-930950-9].
3. Antonios-Emilios Tahiaos O Athonitis Monahos Maximos o Graikos. O Teleftaios ton Vyzantinon sti Rossia, published by the Society for Macedonian Studies, People's Library, Thessaloniki 2008.
http://www.ems.gr/ems/client/userfiles/file/EKDOSEIS/MAKEDONIKI_LAIKI_BIBLIOTHIKI/Taxiaos_Maximos_Graikos.pdf
4. Before coming to Moscow, the Greek brothers studied in Venice and Padua. At the Moscow Academy, Ioanniky taught physics while his brother Sofrony taught physics and logic in the Aristotelian tradition, while also emphasizing the works of Byzantine philosophers. The Greek brothers embodied the so-called "Greek" trend that prevailed in Russian culture prior to the radical reforms introduced by Peter the Great. Unlike the "Latin" tradition, which emanated from medieval Western scholasticism with a slant toward rhetoric and poetry, the Greek trend focused heavily on philosophy, history, and natural sciences. The rich and fertile rivalry between these two scholarly and scientific traditions was a prevailing feature of Russian culture during the late 17th century [Source: Alexander Vucinich, Science in Russian Culture: A History to 1860, Stanford University Press, 1963]
5. P. Matalas, Ethnos kai Orthodoxia. Oi peripeteies mias schesis. Apo to ‘Elladiko’ sto Voulgariko schisma. Panepistimiakes Ekdoseis Kritis, 2002
6. Lukas D. Tsitsipis. A linguistic anthropology of praxis and language shift: Arvanítika (Albanian)
and Greek in contact. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1998. Also, see Victor Friedman's “The Albanian Language in Its Eastern Diaspora.” Arvanitika kai Ellenika: Zetemata polyglossikon kai polypolitismikon koinoteton [Greek: Arvanitika and Greek: Problems of multilingual and multicultural communities],
Vol. 2, ed. by Loukas Tsitsipis. Livadeia, Greece: European Union & The Prefecture of Levadeia, 1998,
pp. 215-231.
7. Kostas Kazazis' obituary by Victor Friedman posted on the website of Society Farsarotul, a United States-based political activist group promoting the so-called independent Aromanian movement http://www.farsarotul.org/nl25_5.htm
8. Antonis M. Koltsidas' monograph entitled Greek Education in Monastir – Pelagonia Organisation and Operation of Greek Schools, Cultural Life. [English Translation by Janet Koniordos] published by the Society for Macedonian Studies, Macedonian Library - 105, Thessaloniki 2008 http://www.ems.gr/ems/client/userfiles/file/EKDOSEIS/MAKEDONIKI_BIBLIOTHIKI/Koltsidas_Monastiri_Pelagonia.pdf
9. See Christos D. Katsetos’ article entitled Vlahoi. Rahokokalia tou Ellinikou ethnous (Vlachs - The backbone of the Greek nation) published in the Athens newspaper Apogevmatini (on 11 November, 2007, p. 17) http://www.vlahoi.net/content/view/257/109/
10. See the excerpt from the Introduction of J.N. Adams' book.
http://assets.cambridge.org/97805218/17714/excerpt/9780521817714_excerpt.pdf
11. See Rochette's treatise Les Romains et le latin vus par les Grecs.
http://www2b.ac-lille.fr/langues-anciennes/telechargement/20Latinetgrec4eme.pdf
12. See Lazarou, op. cit., p. 293 [vide supra]. Prokopios Dimitrios Pamperis Moschopolitis, «Απαρίθμησις Λογίων Γραικών», Hamburg, 1772. Reprinted by Karavias Publishers, Athens, 1966 http://www.rarebooks.com.gr/book.asp?catid=361
13. Theodoros Kavaliotis, founder of the New Academy of Moschopolis, was the author of a quadrilingual dictionary entitled Protopiria. Das dreisprächige Wörterverzeichnis von Theodoros Anastasiu Kavalliotes aus Moschopolis, gedruckt 1770 in Venedig: albanisch-deutsch-neugriechischich-aromunisch/ neu bearbeit, mit dem heutigen Zustande der albanischen Schriftsprache verglichen_ [Protopiria (Πρωτοπειρία)= Primer. Three Lists of Words in Three Languages, which was printed in 1770 in Venice: Albanian-German-Modern ('Nea') Greek-Armîn/Vlach; New edition, with the today's Situation of the Albanian written Language].
14. Thomas Paschidis, «Οι Αλβανοί και το μέλλον αυτών εν τω Ελληνισμώ - Μετά παραρτήματος περί των Ελληνοβλάχων και Βουλγάρων», υπό Θ. Πασχίδου [Shqiptarët dhe e ardhmja e tyre në helenizëm - Me shtesë mbi grekovllehtë dhe bullgarët] Th. Paskidu, 1879 [The Albanians and their future in Hellenism -With an appendix on Grecovlachs and Bulgarians]. Reprinted by Karavias Publishers, Athens, 1981 http://www.rarebooks.com.gr/book.asp?catid=356
http://www.shqiptarortodoks.com/tekste/albanologji/Paskidu_1879.pdf
15. Mihail Lambrinidis, «Οι Αλβανοί κατά την κυρίως Ελλάδα και την Πελοπόννησον (Ύδρα-Σπέτσαι)», υπό Μιχαήλ Λαμπρυνίδου, 1907[Shqiptarët në Greqinë qendrore dhe në Peloponez Mihail Lambrinidou, 1907] [The Albanians in Mainland Greece and Peloponnese (Hydra-Spetsae)]. Reprinted by Karavias Publishers, Athens, 1981 http://www.rarebooks.com.gr/book.asp?catid=357
http://www.shqiptarortodoks.com/tekste/albanologji/Lambrinidu.pdf
16. See analysis by Dr. Evangelos Kofos of the ICG Report “Macedonia’s Name: Breaking the Deadlock” http://blogs.eliamep.gr/en/kofos/analysis-icg-report-macedonia’s-name-breaking-the-deadlock/#more-92
Also, see essay by the same author entitled 'The Unresolved “Difference over the Name”: The Greek perspective'. In: Kofos E, Vlasidis V (Eds) Athens-Skopje: An Uneasy Symbiosis, 1995-2002. Research Centre for Macedonian History and Documentation at the Museum of the Macedonian Struggle, Thessaloniki, 2005 http://www.macedonian-heritage.gr/InterimAgreement/Downloads/Interim_Kofos.pdf
17. See claims about the ‘Sub-Saharan origin of the Greeks’ in state-sponsored ethnogenetic studies.
http://www.makedonika.org/processpaid.aspcontentid=ti.2001.pdf
18. Kofos, ibid
19 Vance Stojcev. Voena Istorija Na Makedonija: Skici. Sojuzot na drustvata na istoricarite na RM i Voenata akademija General Mihailo Apostolski, ISBN 9989776075 (9989-776-07-5)/ Military History of Macedonia. Military Academy General Mihailo Apostolski, ISBN 9989134057 (9989-134-05-7)
20. Excerpted from the letter of Dr. Rouman to the New Hampshire Governor Craig Benson (dated 2002). Dr. Rouman was for five years, both at the University of Wisconsin at Madison and at the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton, research assistant during Professor Charles F. Edson's protracted and difficult project, focusing on the editing of all the inscriptions of ancient Thessalonica from the third century B.C. to the seventh or eighth century A.D. for the German Academy of Berlin. For his meritorious contribution Dr. Edson was awarded the prestigious Charles Goodwin Award of Merit of the American Philological Association.
21. Brian Joseph (1999), Ancient Greek in: J. Garry, C. Rubino, A. Faber, R. French (editors), Facts About the World's Languages: An Encyclopedia of the World's Major Languages: Past and Present, New York/Dublin, H. W. Wilson Press, 2001
22. See article by Aristide D. Caratzas titled Oi nazistikes rizes tou VMRO (the Nazi origins of VMRO) published in the Athens newspaper Ethnos (2.8.2009)
http://www.ethnos.gr/article.asp?catid=11378&subid=2&tag=8334&pubid=1370687
Also, see article by the same author entitled “Why the Greek People Cannot Easily Accept FYROM’s Claims” published in The National Herald (30.8.2009)
http://rieas.gr/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=739&Itemid=41
23. See commentary by Evangelos Kofos titled “Unexpected Initiatives: Towards the resettlement of a Slav-Macedonian minority in Macedonia?” (Originally published in the Athens newspaper To Vima on June 25 , 2003) http://www.macedonian-heritage.gr/Opinion/comm_20030710Kofos.html
SIGNATURES
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Lymberopoulos, John Ph.D., Leeds School Summer Dean, Professor of International Business & Finance Leeds School of Business, University of Colorado at Boulder, USA.
Manias, Stefanos, Professor, National Technical University of Athens, Dep. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Electrical Machines and Power electronics Laboratory, Athens, GREECE.
Manolopoulos, Vangelis G., Assoc. Professor of Pharmacology, Democritus University of Thrace, Medical School, Alexandroupolis, GREECE.
Maragos, Petros, Professor, National Technical University of Athens,
School of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Athens , GREECE.
Melakopides, Costas, Associate Professor of International Relations, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, CYPRUS.
Mermigas, Eleftherios, Professor, ASCP, Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University at Buffalo NY, USA.
Metallinos-Katsaras, Elizabeth, Ph.D. RD, Associate Professor, Nutrition Department,
Simmons College, Boston MA, USA.
Michaelides, Stathis, Ph.D., P.E. Professor and Chair, Mechanical Engineering University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio, TX, USA.
Michailidis, Dimitri, M.D., Gen.Surgeon, President, ELEFI (Hellenic Association of Pharmaceutical Physicians), President, Auditors Committee, Hellenic Society of Pharmacology, Member, EB IFAPP, GREECE.
Michopoulos, Aristotle, Dr., Greek Studies, Hellenic College, Brookline, MA, USA.
Miller, Stephen G., Professor Emeritus, Classical Archaeology, University of California, Berkeley CA, USA.
Mylonakou-Kekes Iro, Assistant Professor, Department of Educational, Sciences, Faculty of Primary Education, University of Athens, 13A Navarinou, 10680 ATHENS, GREECE.
Milonas, Nikolaos, Professor of Finance, University of Athens, Marousi, GREECE.
Moulopoulos, Konstantinos, Dr., Associate Professor of Physics, University of Cyprus, CYPRUS.
Mourtos, Nikos J., Ph.D., Professor, Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, San Jose State University, One Washington Square San Jose, CA, USA.
Nasis, Vasileios T., Ph.D., Adjunct Professor, Drexel University College of Engineering, Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
Nenes, Athanasios, Associate Professor, Schools of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA.
Newman, Constantine, Reverent Dr., Classics Professor-University of New Hampshire, USA.
Newman Anna, Professor of Classics-University of New Hampshire, USA.
Nikolakopoulos, Konstantin, Professor, Institute of Orthodox Theology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, GERMANY.
Panagiotakopoulos, Chris T., B.Sc., Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Educational Technology, University of Patras - School of Humanities and Social Sciences
Department of Education, Archemedes Str., 265 04 Rio Patras, GREECE.
Panagiotakopoulos, Demetrios, Professor of Civil Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Xanthi, GREECE.
Panagiotopoulos, Dimitrios P., Assoc. Professor, University of Athens, Attorney-at-Law, President of International Association of Sports Law, GREECE.
Papadopoulos, George K., Ph.D., Professor of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Epirus Institute of Technology, Arta, 47100, GREECE.
Papadopoulos, George, Professor Emeritus, Applied Electronics Laboratory, Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Patras, GREECE.
Papadopoulos, Kyriakos, Ph.D., Professor, Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA.
Papamarkos, Nikos, Professor, Democritus University of Thrace, School of Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, GREECE.
Papavassiliou, Dimitrios P., MD, Assistant Professor of Clinical Pediatrics
Pediatric Cardiology, Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital of New York-Presbyterian
Columbia University Medical Center. New York, NY, USA.
Papazoglou, Georges, Professor of Palaeography, Chairman - Department History and Ethnology, Democritus University of Thrace, KOMOTINI, GREECE.
Patitsas, Steve, Ph.D., Assoc. Professor, Physics Department, University of Lethbridge,
4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, Alberta, T1K 3M4, CANADA.
Patitsas, Tom Athanasios, Professor Emeritus, Department of Physics and Astronomy Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, CANADA.
Pelekanos, Nikos, Professor of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion-Crete, GREECE.
Pelides, Panayiotis, Ph.D., Consultant Anesthesiologist, American Heart Institute, Nicosia, CYPRUS.
Persephonis, Peter, Professor, Physics Department, University of Patras, GREECE.
Phufas, Ellene S., Professor, English/Humanities SUNY- ECC Buffalo, NY, USA.
Pintelas, Panagiotis E., Professor of Computer Science, Dept. of Mathematics, University of Patras, Patras, GREECE.
Pittas, Stamatios, Head of Marketing Dept., KOSTEAS GROUP OF COMPANIES, Chalkis, GREECE.
Plionis, Manolis, Ph.D., Research Director, Institute of Astronomy & Astrophysics, National Observatory of Athens, GREECE.
Pnevmatikatos, Dionysios, Assoc. Professor, ECE Department, Technical University of Crete, GREECE.
Polychroniadis, K.E., Professor, Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GREECE.
Poularikas, Alexander D., Professor Emeritus (University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama), Houston, Texas, USA.
Pozios, John LL.B., MBA, Director, Desautels Centre for Private Enterprise and the Law, Faculty of Law, University of Manitoba, CANADA.
Psaras, GK, Ph.D., Professor, Section of Plant Biology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, Patras, GR 265 00, GREECE.
Psyrri, Amanda, MD, Assistant Professor of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
Rantsios, Apostolos T., Ph.D., Dipl., Past President, World Veterinary Association, Marousi, GREECE.
Rapsomanikis, S., Ph.D., Professor, Director, Laboratory of Atmospheric Pollution, Control Engineering of Atmospheric Pollutants, Department of Environmental Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Xanthi, GREECE.
Raptis, Aristotle, Professor, University of Athens, GREECE.
Rigas, Fotis, Ph.D., Associate Professor, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, GREECE.
Roilides, Emmanuel, MD, PhD., Assoc. Professor, 3rd Dept. Pediatrics, University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, GREECE.
Romanos, Michael, Ph.D., Professor of Economic Development, School of Planning, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Rontoyannis, George P., Professor, Dept. Phys Ed Sports, Science University of Thessaly, GREECE.
Rouman, John C., Dr., Professor Emeritus of Classics.
Sarafopoulos Dimitrios, Associate Professor, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Xanthi, GREECE.
Samaras George, Professor, USA.
Samothrakis, Periandros, Ph.D., P.E., Hydraulic Engineer, Frederick, Maryland, USA.
Sapatinas, Theofanis, BSc, MSc, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Statistics, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, CYPRUS.
Savvas, Minas, Professor Emeritus, San Diego State University, SanDiego, CA, USA.
Siafarikas Panayiotis, Professor, Department of Mathematics, University of Patras Patras, GREECE.
Sideris, Kosmas, Ph.D., Civil Engineer Lecturer, Democritus University of Thrace, Xanthi, GREECE.
Simitses, George J., Professor Emeritus of Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Siolas, John G., Ph.D., Educator, New York, USA.
Sivitanides, Marcos P., Ph.D., CCP. Associate Professor, Information Systems, McCoy College of Business, Texas State University San Marcos, Texas, USA.
Skias, Stylianos G., Assist. Professor, Democritus University of Thrace, GREECE.
Skodras, A. N., Professor, Head of Computer Science, School of Science & Technology
Hellenic Open University, 13-15 Tsamadou, GR-26222 Patras, GREECE.
Sotiropoulou, Georgia, PhD, Assoc. Professor, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Rion-Patras 26500, GREECE.
Staikos, Georgios, Assoc. Professor, Laboratory of Organic Chemical Technology
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, University Campus – Rion, GR - 265 04 Patras, GREECE.
Stamatoyannopoulos, George, M.D., Dr., Sci., Professor of Medicine and Genome Sciences, Director, Markey Molecular Medicine Center, K-240 Health Sciences Building, Box 357720, Seattle, WA 98195-7720, USA.
Stamboliadis, Elias, Associate Professor, Mineral Resources, Engineering Dept, Technical University of Crete University, Campus Chania, Crete, GREECE.
Stavrou, Esther, Ph.D., Associate Clinical Professor, Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York, USA.
Stephanopoulos, Greg W.H., Dow Professor, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Syrimis, Michael, Assistant Professor, Department of French and Italian, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
Tassios, Dimitrios, Professor Emeritus, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, GREECE.
Tavouktsoglou, Athanasios N., Ph.D., Professor, Concordia University, College of Alberta, CANADA.
Templar, Marcus A., M.A., M.S., Balkans expert, Illinois, USA.
Thramboulidis, Kleanthis, Assoc. Professor, Software Engineering Group (SEG) - Electrical & Computer, University of Patras, PATRAS, GREECE.
Triantaphyllopoulos, Demetrios D., Professor, Department of Archaeology and History,
University of Cyprus, CYPRUS.
Tryphonopoulos, Demetres P., A/Dean, School of Graduate Studies, Professor, Dept. of English, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, N.B., CANADA.
Tsakiridou, Cornelia A., Ph.D., Associate Professor, Philosophy, Director, Diplomat-In-Residence Program, La Salle University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Tsatsanifos, Christos, Ph.D., Civil Engineering MSc., D.I.C. M.ASCE. Athens, GREECE.
Tsigas-Fotinis, Vasiliki, Ph.D., Professor of Education, Caldwell College, Caldwell, New Jersey, USA.
Tsihrintzis, Vassilios A., Ph.D., P.E., P.H., Professor of Ecological Engineering & Technology, Director, Laboratory of Ecological Engineering & Tehnology, Chairman, Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Xanthi 67100, GREECE.
Tsaroucha, Alexandra, MD, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Surgery, Democritus University of Thrace, Xanthi 67100, GREECE.
Tsinganos, Kanaris, Professor, Department of Physics, University of Athens, Athens, GREECE.
Tsohantaridis, Timotheos, Ph.D., Professor of Biblical Studies and Greek, George Fox University, Newberg, Oregon, USA.
Valanides, Nicos (visiting scholar at DePaul University, Chicago, USA), Associate Professor (Science Education), Nicosia, CYPRUS.
Velivasakis, Emmanuel E., PE, FASCE, President, PANCRETAN ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA & HELLENIC AMERICAN NATIONAL COUNCIL, New York, USA.
Vardulakis, Antonis, Professor, Department of Mathematics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GREECE.
Varkaraki, Elli, Ph.D., Senior Researcher, Centre for Renewable Energy Sources, GREECE.
Vasilos, Thomas, Professor Emeritus, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Massachusetts, USA.
Velgakis, Michael, Professor of Physics, Engineering Science Dept., University of Patras, Patras, GREECE.
Vlavianos, Nickie, Assistant Professor, Faculty of Law, University of Calgary, Calgary, CA, USA.
Vomvas, Athanassios, Associate Professor, Department of Physics, University of Patras
26500 Patras, GREECE.
Voudrias, Evangelos A., Professor, Department of Environmental Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, GREECE.
Vrongistinos, Konstantinos, Ph.D., Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, 18111 Nordhoff St., California State University, Northridge, CA, USA.
Yannopoulos, Panayotis C., Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Patras, GREECE.
Yiacoumettis, Andreas M., Assoc. Professor, Plastic Surgery, Democritus University of Thrace, Secretary General ESPRAS ExCo, President 11th ESPRAS CONGRESS, President UEMS Section Plast. Rec.& Aesthetic Surgery, GREECE.
Ypsilanti, Maria, Assistant Professor of Ancient Greek Literature, University of Cyprus, Dept. of Classical Studies and Philosophy, PO Box 20537, 1678, Nicosia, CYPRUS.
Zavos, Panayiotis, Professor Emeritus, Reproductive Medicine & Andrology, Lexington, KY, USA.
Zervakis, Michalis, Professor of Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Technical University of Crete, Chania, GREECE.
Zervos, Nicholas A., Ph.D., Director, Adv. Multimedia ALGOSYSTEMS, Athens, GREECE.
Zotou, Vassiliki, Ph.D., Language and Linguistics, University of Thessaly, Volos, GREECE.
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